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Microplastics and their effects on the metabolism of animal cells
Fiedlerová, Gabriela ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Microplastics are tiny particles smaller than 5 mm in size found in various environments, including seas, rivers and soil. These particles can be intentionally produced as part of cosmetic products or formed by the breakdown of larger plastic objects. Microplastics represent a serious threat to the environment and animals and could eventually reach humans through the food chain. This thesis deals with a critical and synthetic overview of the literature related to the influence of microplastics on the metabolism of animal cells. The thesis also considers the experimental conditions under which the data were obtained. In particular, factors such as the tested microplastics' shape, size and ageing are critically evaluated as these aspects are often neglected in the literature. Current knowledge shows that microplastics accumulate in the bodies of animals and cause physical and metabolic damage, inflammation, disruption of energy metabolism, protein metabolism and amino acid and lipid metabolism. The most serious effects of microplastics can be considered to be the formation of oxygen radicals, neurotoxicity, disruption of gametogenesis and offspring development.
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Abiotic elicitation of explant culture of Trifolium pratense L.
Fiedlerová, Gabriela ; Kašparová, Marie (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Abiotic elicitation of explant culture of Trifolium pratense L. Summary The objective of this dissertation was to observe the effect of the abiotic elicitors of mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride on the production of flavonoids, and also of the effect of the mercuric chloride elicitor on the production of isoflavonoids in the Trifolium pratense L. explant culture (variety DO−8). The cultures were cultivated in the Gamborg nutrient media with the addition of 2,4−dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2 mg.l-1 ) and 6−benzylaminopurine (2 mg.l-1 ), in the temperature of 25 řC and during a 16-hours light/8-hours dark period. The quantity of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically according to The Czech Pharmacopoeia 2005. The quantity of isoflavonoids was determined by the HPLC method. We can see from the results of this dissertation that the concentration 10 μmol of both of the used abiotic elicitors had the greatest positive effect on the production of flavonoids. The largest quantity of flavonoids (0,576 %) was detected during the elicitation of cadmium chloride of a 10-μmol concentration and after 48−hour application when the quantity of flavonoids increased by statistically significant 294 % in relation to the control sample. The quantity of isoflavonoids was determined by the HPLC method during the...
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Genista Tinctoria L. in vitro - the Affecting of Secondary Metabolites Production
Fiedlerová, Gabriela ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Genista tinctoria L. in vitro - the affecting of secondary metabolites production Mgr. Gabriela Fiedlerová Summary The aim of this work was the study of the effect of the abiotic elicitor ultrasound in different time intervals on the production of secondary metabolites − isoflavonoids in Genista tinctoria L. suspension cultures. The culture was cultivated in the Schenk-Hildebrandt nutritive medium with adding of the growth regulators (2,4−dichlorfenoxyacetic acid 0,5 mg/l and kinetin 0,1 mg/l), temperature of 25 řC and luminous period 16-hours light/8−hours darkness. As the elicitor ultrasound (about power density 0,1 W/cm3 and fixed frequency 35 kHz) for a period of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes was used. The samples were taken immediately and further then after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after ultrasound exposition. The quantity of isoflavonoids (genistin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A) was determinated by the HPLC method. The results of this work show that ultrasound as elicitor is able to increase genistin and daidzein production in Genista tinctoria L. suspension culture. The highest quantity of genistin (0,08 %) was detected during the ultrasound elicitation for a period of 3 minutes and taking out after 72 hours after ultrasound exposition and the same content was achieved during...
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Genista Tinctoria L. in vitro - the Affecting of Secondary Metabolites Production
Fiedlerová, Gabriela ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Genista tinctoria L. in vitro - the affecting of secondary metabolites production Mgr. Gabriela Fiedlerová Summary The aim of this work was the study of the effect of the abiotic elicitor ultrasound in different time intervals on the production of secondary metabolites − isoflavonoids in Genista tinctoria L. suspension cultures. The culture was cultivated in the Schenk-Hildebrandt nutritive medium with adding of the growth regulators (2,4−dichlorfenoxyacetic acid 0,5 mg/l and kinetin 0,1 mg/l), temperature of 25 řC and luminous period 16-hours light/8−hours darkness. As the elicitor ultrasound (about power density 0,1 W/cm3 and fixed frequency 35 kHz) for a period of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes was used. The samples were taken immediately and further then after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after ultrasound exposition. The quantity of isoflavonoids (genistin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A) was determinated by the HPLC method. The results of this work show that ultrasound as elicitor is able to increase genistin and daidzein production in Genista tinctoria L. suspension culture. The highest quantity of genistin (0,08 %) was detected during the ultrasound elicitation for a period of 3 minutes and taking out after 72 hours after ultrasound exposition and the same content was achieved during...
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Abiotic elicitation of explant culture of Trifolium pratense L.
Fiedlerová, Gabriela ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee) ; Kašparová, Marie (advisor)
Abiotic elicitation of explant culture of Trifolium pratense L. Summary The objective of this dissertation was to observe the effect of the abiotic elicitors of mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride on the production of flavonoids, and also of the effect of the mercuric chloride elicitor on the production of isoflavonoids in the Trifolium pratense L. explant culture (variety DO−8). The cultures were cultivated in the Gamborg nutrient media with the addition of 2,4−dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2 mg.l-1 ) and 6−benzylaminopurine (2 mg.l-1 ), in the temperature of 25 řC and during a 16-hours light/8-hours dark period. The quantity of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically according to The Czech Pharmacopoeia 2005. The quantity of isoflavonoids was determined by the HPLC method. We can see from the results of this dissertation that the concentration 10 μmol of both of the used abiotic elicitors had the greatest positive effect on the production of flavonoids. The largest quantity of flavonoids (0,576 %) was detected during the elicitation of cadmium chloride of a 10-μmol concentration and after 48−hour application when the quantity of flavonoids increased by statistically significant 294 % in relation to the control sample. The quantity of isoflavonoids was determined by the HPLC method during the...
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