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Differential diagnosis of ADHD and its key elements in distinguishing it from borderline personality disorder
Spálenská, Alena ; Šmotek, Michal (advisor) ; Čechová, Alena (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to map the issues of differential diagnosis of ADHD in general, and then focusing on the key elements for differentiating ADHD and borderline personality disorder. ADHD is a significantly underdiagnosed disorder in the adult population. One of the main causes is symptomatic overlap with other disorders, which are also often comorbid with ADHD. The current wording of the diagnostic criteria is also problematic, as it does not include all the symptoms of ADHD and, moreover, does not adequately reflect the specific manifestations of the disorder in adults. There are also as yet no objective measures by which ADHD can be diagnosed. Misdiagnosis leads to people with ADHD missing proper treatment that could alleviate the significant psychosocial impairments associated with the disorder. The theoretical part of this thesis summarizes the diagnostic methods for ADHD as well as the problem areas that make correct diagnosis difficult. The thesis also provides a summary of the diagnoses that are most often comorbid or confused with ADHD, along with the ways in which each disorder differs. The main focus of the paper is the differential diagnosis of ADHD and borderline personality disorder. In this paper we have identified key symptomatic overlaps as well as manifestations typical of...
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Shift Work Tolerance and Coping Strategies of Air Traffic Controllers
Sgallová, Rebeka ; Šmotek, Michal (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee)
This master's thesis examines shiftwork tolerance and coping strategies of air traffic controllers. The literary review section deals with shiftwork and its effects, shiftwork tolerance, variables associated with it and possibilities of its measurement. That is followed by a summary of coping strategies and an outline of their relationship with shiftwork tolerance. Further, the thesis presents the profession of the air traffic controller. The research part presents quantitative research investigating the distribution of the level of shiftwork tolerance among air traffic controllers, which is measured by sleep questionnaires and perceived stress. The study also examines the importance of components of shiftwork tolerance. The research is also focused on the relationship between shiftwork tolerance and coping strategies. Based on the TwoStep cluster analysis, air traffic controllers were divided into two groups regarding the level of shiftwork tolerance. The most important components for this distribution were the sleep quality index and fatigue severity. The analysis suggests a negative relationship between the level of shiftwork tolerance and the use of negative coping strategies. On the other hand, the level of shiftwork tolerance seems not to be related to the use of positive coping strategies....
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Quality of sleep in adult patients with attention - deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Laipoldová, Jana ; Šmotek, Michal (advisor) ; Kolečková, Tereza (referee)
The bachelor thesis aims to describe the quality of sleep in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and at the same time to indicate the factors that could affect the quality of sleep. The literature review section will present the features of the disorder itself, the distinction into subgroups, and the issues of the diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood. It will also include the results of studies that focus on the chronotype of the adult ADHD patient, the specifics of his/her circadian rhythm, and the possibilities of non-pharmacological effects on sleep. Attention will also be focused on the potential presence of comorbidities that may affect sleep quality in ADHD patients. The research design will address the question of whether sleep quality differs in adult patients ADHD from the healthy population. The vast majority of sleep quality studies have focused on ADHD in childhood. Although attention is now turning to the adult population with ADHD, the area of sleep quality is often subject to misperceptions of subjective assessment criteria or is not covered at all. The contribution to psychological theory and practice lies in combining both objective and subjective sleep assessment criteria to allow for a more comprehensive view of sleep in adult patients with ADHD,...
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The effect of sleep on depressive symptoms in women in the early
Sochůrková, Anna ; Šebela, Antonín (advisor) ; Šmotek, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the relationship between sleep and depressive symptoms in postpartum women. The theoretical section begins with a general overview of postpartum depression and its differentiation from other postpartum psychiatric disorders, focusing on diagnostic criteria, its treatment, and its impact on the child. The next part of the section includes a description of bio-psycho-social changes in women after childbirth. The focus of the thesis is the analysis of sleep and its disturbances in the postpartum period, which I first describe in general and then in more detail in connection with emotion regulation and the development of postpartum depression. At the end of the thesis, I focus on interventions for postpartum women, where special attention is given to light therapy. In the research segment, quantitative research is conducted to investigate the effect of blue-light blocking glasses (BLB) on sleep quality and depressive symptoms in post-partum women. Twelve female respondents were included in the main research. Participants were assigned to the intervention for a period of 4 weeks. The effectiveness of the glasses was assessed by comparing the results from the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess...
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Blue light spectrum and its effects on selected aspects of human sleep and cognition
Šmotek, Michal ; Kopřivová, Jana (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Maierová, Lenka (referee)
Background: Since the discovery of ipRGCs (intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells) in the retina, new research possibilities for studying the effects of light on the regulation of various behavioral and physiological functions that are independent of image formation arose. As ipRGCs are most sensitive to light of short wavelengths (460-480nm), this dissertation focuses on current topics related to the use of blue light, emphasizing its influence on circadian rhythms, sleep and cognitive performance and possible applications in clinical and non-clinical settings. Aims: The first study aimed to explore the effects of 20 minutes of narrow-bandwidth light exposure of different wavelengths on various neuropsychological and neurophysiological parameters of vigilance in healthy volunteers. The objective of the second study was to assess the effect of combining CBT-I (cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia) with wearing blue-light blocking glasses 90 minutes before bedtime on subjective and objective sleep parameters and daily symptoms (anxiety, depression, hyperarousal). The third study aimed to examine subjective sleep quality in a population of healthy volunteers and its association with evening and night light exposure to screens of media devices. Methods: In the first study, twelve healthy...
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Sleep and dreaming of a patients in intensive care
Černá, Kristýna ; Woleská, Jana (advisor) ; Šmotek, Michal (referee)
With the progress of the intense medicine, over the past ten years there has been documented more and more patients/clients who have survived a critical illness. Intensive care unit admission is a great source of somatopsychological burden to the patient/client. One of the main aspects of the negative experience is a quality of sleep which is subjectively perceived as low. This master thesis summarizes the knowledge of a current research which is dealing with the causes of poor sleep quality on the intensive care department. It offers a detailed overview of environmental and physiological factors which are related to the poor quality of sleep. It contains summary information of the description and recalling dreams. The research of the master thesis is handling searching for factors which predict the poor quality of sleep, and also the factors which predict if a patient/client will recall the dream which they were having. Within our research we executed an exploratory pilot study. In conclusion of the analysis there was a discovery of a deteriorative sleep quality by perceiving heat discomfort. We were also observing the trend of a deteriorative sleep quality by the connection to the mechanical ventilation, but only when not provided sedation. The result of the research are follow-up research...
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Circadian principle of human chronotype
Ševčíková, Kateřina ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Šmotek, Michal (referee)
Circadian system is an oscillating system with approximately 24 hour period. In humans, it consists of suprachiasmatic nuclei and peripheral oscillators. Suprachiasmatic nuclei by means of external stimuli synchronize its endogenous period about the time of day. It is controlled by clock genes. The circadian system affects hormone levels, and with the homeostatic system is the major regulator of sleep. In these cyclic systems in humans, there are some differences that define human chronotype. This thesis is focused on the changes in the circadian system that underlie human chronotype. It deals with polymorphisms of clock genes, periods of the rhythms in the production of hormones such as melatonin and cortisol and their differences in distinct chronotypes. At the circadian chronotypes, there were also found differences in REM and REM sleep cycles and their amplitudes. Chronotype and circadian system are dependent on age and gender. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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