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Figural Thinking: Theory and Practice
Žilová, Jana ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Heczková, Libuše (referee)
! ! Dissertation Abstract ! ! This research presents examination of the figural theory as established by Jean-François Lyotard in his work Discourse, figure (1971). Figural theory groundwork proved to be underpinned within the psychoanalytical framework as in the classical dreamwork and concept of transitional space as elaborated by D. Winnicott. We argue that the specific figural intermediary space defines a type of space that allows the image and the viewer to explore the individuation processes, as established by G. Simondon (1992) and thus create potential new series of the image which instigate and challenge new perceptive patterns of the viewer. Figural backdrop has been detected within the work of Gilles Deleuze, precisely in Logic of Sensation (1981) where Deleuze examines the diagrammatic system. As a result of the in-depth exploration of Lyotardian poetic transgressions as we have applied on the film intertitles we have proved a presence of a specific mobile integral title. This type of inter title brings forth the coalescence of text-image that resurfaces the image's resources. The pictorial transgression was examined on the example of Nicolas Roeg's color- events in Don't Look Now 1973 and the cinematic transgression was explored on the example of William Kentridge' s video work Automatic...
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Freud's Legacy in the Thought of Ludwig Binswanger
Ishiwatari, Takafumi ; Dufourcq, Annabelle (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
The present study aims to show the influence of Sigmund Freud that underlies an essential part of Ludwig Binswanger's philosophical reflections. In spite of his criticism of Freud's naturalistic view of the nature of human beings and his attempt to philosophically overcome psychoanalysis with his Daseinsanalyse or existential analysis, it is Freud's understanding of the finitude of human beings - that he expresses with the idea of drive - that motivates Binswanger's work. In order to retrieve this "legacy" of Freud in his thoughts, the study examines a number of his articles where he expresses his opinion on psychoanalysis as well as the one on the ontology of Martin Heidegger, on the basis of which he founded his Daseinsanalyse. The study then investigates Medard Boss's criticism of Binswanger, which throws light on the internal struggle of his thoughts. Finally, the study concludes with the question of psychotherapy where the influence of Freud becomes manifest in Binswanger's reflections on the concept of cure. Key words: Ludwig Binswanger, Sigmund Freud, Medard Boss, psychoanalysis, anthropology, Daseinsanalyse, psychotherapy
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Normal and pathological in Czech society in the second and third decade of the 20th century
Machálková, Aneta ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The thesis examines connection between issues related to psychiatry and historical period of first half of 20th century, more precisely, the thesis focuses on issues of normality and pathology.... The concept of pathology is explored from psychiatric point of view, it regards everything which is understood as un-normal in terms of mental health. The main aim of the thesis is to find out how the society had delimited itself towards people with mental illnesses. Critical discourse analysis of chosen texts is used in order to explore these issues in more depth. A list of the most important psychiatrists is also included in the thesis in order to deepen knowledge of the historical period. Furthermore, the thesis deals with other relevant issues, such as concept of brain activity or Czechoslovak laws which were very important when defining mental health of the examined group of people. The thesis also explores relationships between society - and an individual or a pacient - and a doctor, which give better insight into the societal climate. The main inspiration was drawn from the work of Michel Foucault, who understood history from a similar point of view.
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Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer
Voborský, Lukáš ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer The focus of the present study is mainly on the discussion of the process of understanding and emergence of meaning. Using the example of Gadamer's hermeneutics it becomes clear what are the limits of positive attempt to express conditions of understanding within the context of the philosophy of finitude. In spite of its undeniable benefits, hermeneutic understanding shows itself to be vulnerable towards ideology and it could be seen as suspected of hidden normativity thanks to its emphasis on agreement and coherency. Derrida's deconstruction on the other hand shows the dynamics of emergence of meaning in language, it emphasizes plurality and ambiguity in contrast towards totalizing unicity and agreement; however, due to this approach, it is unable to offer anything close to what we call the truth. In a parallel line of interpretation, philosophical- antropological approach of Ernst Cassirer standing in comparison with Heidegger's existential analytics of Dasein shows that already at the fundamental level in the process of establishment of terms and concepts and earlier our understanding is already determined to a certain extent. Discussion between Gadamer and Derrida shows a necessity of certain arbitrary...
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Phenomenon Almodóvar (The Interdigitation of "Small Worlds" in the Work of Pedro Almodóvar)
Turčan, Jakub ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Češka, Jakub (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Department of Electronic Culture and Semiotics Bc. Jakub Turčan Phenomenon Almodóvar (The Interdigitation of "Small Worlds" in the Work of Pedro Almodóvar) Thesis Supervisor: Mgr. Josef Fulka, Ph.D. Thesis Abstract Prague 2013 Abstract The paper focuses on the problem of authorship by means of an in-depth analysis of the film work of the Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar. The analysis is preceded by setting the author's work in the context of its origin, introduction of its so far existing content, as well as the concepts this work employs. Due to the hypertextual character of this postmodern oeuvre, the study is based on the concept of small worlds by Umberto Eco, hence the worlds of fiction with limited content in comparison to the actual world. The complete film work is perceived as a self- contained, yet within its character an ever open Text. The interdigitation of its small worlds is understood as a series of intratextual references, however the work also monitors its intertextual and, as a blend of these two, the transtextual content. Presenting the directors unique signature, combining several known approaches of the film creation with his own style- constituting elements, the analysis adduces the auteurist character - first described by the film...
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What does an invisible city look like
Gavriněvová, Kristýna ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
The subject of this thesis entitled What does an invisible city look like is the perception of a city and the way it is represented. The work is based on urban semiotics that sees urban environment as a particular system of communication. The methods of sensory urbanism and rhythm analysis are employed as well. The author asks whether the cities could be represented by other than visual symbols as it is usually the case for the products of tourism industry (guidebooks, souvenirs, etc.). Usually, the symbol of a particular city is formed by the image of its skyline. In Prague, this is the skyline of the Prague Castle, in Paris, it is the Eiffel tower, in New York, it is the Statue of Liberty, etc. But every city has definitely many other qualities. What are they? To find the answer, the author asks for help the visually impaired people. These people can tell easily what are the non-visual qualities of the urban space as they experience them necessarily in their everyday life and use them for better orientation. The author interviewed the visually impaired people and she also observed the way they read the city in real. The practical part of the thesis focuses on the Prague city centre.
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History, Fiction and Ideology: Analysis of the Novel "The doubts of Salai"
Švantner, Michal ; Češka, Jakub (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
This thesis analyzes the historical novel The Doubts of Salaí in terms of purpose, which the authors have clearly declared in the study attached to the novel. This purpose is both to ridicule the excessive confidence in the pulp and obvious fakes, and literary demythologization of myths - associated primarily with the Pope Alexander VI., Leonardo da Vinci, renaissance humanists or Tacit's Germania - which have settled in the historical discourse. Thus the thesis, through the narratological analysis, examines the procedures that are used within these purposes, and notes the implications for theories of the historical and literary discourses relationship. It also shows that in the final study the authors perpetrate historical objectivism and do not reflect the literariness of their own text. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Narratological and Ideological Analysis of the Building Novel in Czech Literature in the Years 1948-1953 on the example of the Václav Řezáč novel - Nástup
Raymanová, Zuzana ; Češka, Jakub (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
In 1948 Czechoslovakian Communist come to power. Their goal is to conquer all segments of society and to promote socialist ideology. The literature has become an important instrument to promote socialism. Official art is dominated by the only permitted aesthetic norm so called socialist realism. A form of socialist realism is constructive novel. One of the most important author is Václav Řezáč and his novel Nástup. Socialist realism can be seen as a mythical system according to Roland Barthes, so as a utterance that hides the historicity and acts as something natural and obvious. Narratological and thematic analysis attempting to expose this myth and revealing strategies, which was formed. Narratological analysis argue against the widely accepted view, that the former literature was written in classic narrative and the use of traditional means of text construction. The aim is to show that the novel is written in a modern narrative, but with the preservativ of the traditional semantic framework, which allows efficient expansion of ideology.
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On the theory of narrative computer game
Olšan, Jan ; Češka, Jakub (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
On the theory of narrative computer game Bc. Jan Olšan Diplomová práce Univerzita karlova v praze, Fakulta humanitních studií, Katedra elektronické kultury a sémiotiky Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jakub Češka, Ph.D. Praha 2013 Abstract The paper focuses on computer games that include narrative content (that is, such games that tell a story). Its goal is to reveal a theoretic delineation of the nature and inner working of narrative computer game as a specific (art) form, such that would broaden understanding of its properties, possibilities it opens and also to present a basic sort of a definition for it. This basic nature of the subject is discovered in the way the "agent - game situation" coupling is being formed. This coupling is present in both game and narrative, and being a common base, it facilitates integration of both forms into a new one, in this way: the player of the game becomes the agent, controlling the story's protagonist; and the narrative, constituted by the story plot and the conflict it includes and which the player faces, becomes the game situation. This integration produces a new, homogeneous form, from which both the simulation and the narrative parts of narrative computer game can be deduced. In this way it is shown that the apparent contradictory discrepancy between these two parts and the...
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