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Preventive importance of facilitation therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis (focusing on selected hormones)
Angelová, Gabriela ; Řasová, Kamila (advisor) ; Hagovská, Magdaléna (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Physiotherapy has the potential to interfere with the neuroendocrine-immune system through natural stimuli, and thus regulate complex neuroimmune processes in the central nervous system. The ability to target the immune and endocrine systems through physical activity and physiotherapy could slow disease progression, streamline tertiary prevention of the development of clinical manifestations of the disease, disability, loss of self-sufficiency, and improve patients' quality of life. So far, only a few pilot projects have been implemented. One of them was our previous study, which allows modulating the immune and endocrine system using the methods Motor programme activating therapy - physiotherapeutic methods using neurophysiological knowledge (belongs to the category of neuroproprioceptive facilitation and inhibition). In this study, we increased the number of participants and included another physiotherapeutic method from the same category, Vojta's reflex locomotion. 44 patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly divided into two groups. Each underwent a different type of two-month outpatient neuroproprioceptive "facilitation and inhibition" physiotherapy (Motor programs activating therapy and Vojta's reflex locomotion). Over the next two months, participants continued autotherapy. We primarily...
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Gametogenesis and Fertilization in Humans
Crhová, Michaela ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarises the topic of gametogenesis and fertilization in humans. A search in available literature was performed. The thesis concisely describes the cell cycle and cell division. The main focus is on meiosis, a reductional division that takes the lead part in sexual reproduction. The process of this division is described in detail, and also the mechanism that creates variability of protected cells is described. The product of meiosis is gametes, also known as germ cells. Production of these cells is a key moment in sexual reproduction. This thesis approaches this topic in the context of evolutionary biology and explains its importance in the survival of species on Earth. The main topic of the thesis is the production and maturing of human germ cells. This process is called gametogenesis. This thesis provides a cohesive description of the reproduction system of both sexes and describes the gradual maturing of the germ cells in gonads. The structure of both gametes, egg, and sperm is described with emphasis on the parts of these cells that take part in the process of fertilization. Female reproductive cycles are depicted, and their connection is explained. In contrast to this periodicity, the male continual maturing is also explained. This thesis compares the main differences in...
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Obstetric brachial plexus palsy
Mencl, Libor ; Haninec, Pavel (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) displays a stable incidence of 0.15 - 3 per 1,000 live births. Most children show good spontaneous recovery, but a recent literature reviews show that a residual deficit remains in 20% to 30% of children. Shoulder dystocia, macrosomia and instrument delivery, forceps or vacuum extraction present the greatest risk for brachial plexus injury. Caesarean section, having a twin or multiple birth mates seems to offer some protection against injury. The resulting nerve injury may vary from neurapraxia or axonotmesis to neurotmesis and root avulsion from spinal cord. In neurapraxia or axonotmetic lesions complete recovery will usually occur over the course of weeks or months. In a neurotmetic injury or in case of root avulsion, the most sever type of lesion, useful regeneration of axons cannot take place. Although we perform electromyography and imaging studies, the final decision of operation relies heavily on the clinical examination. Manual muscle testing system although reliable for examination of motor power in adults is not suited for use with infants. All patients involved in the study were evaluated using the Active Movement Scale (AMS), which greatly increases the ability to detect partial movements. The results of neurophysiological investigations in older...
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Pathophysiological mechanisms in idiopathic scoliosis
Boček, Václav ; Štětkářová, Ivana (advisor) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Pathophysiological mechanisms in idiopathic scoliosis A neurophysiological study of cortical and spinal inhibitory circuits and myogenic aspects of idiopathic scoliosis Author: MUDr. Václav Boček Supervisor: prof. MUDr. Ivana Štětkářová, CSc. INTRODUCTION: Although adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) represents the most common spinal deformity, its aetiology remains still unknown. The origins of the disease are spotted at the local level (the spine and the paraspinal muscles) and/ or general - endocrinological (melatonin, leptin), sensory (vestibular system, impaired own body image) and at the level of motor cortex, where the impaired sensorimotor integration has not been properly debated nor documented. The central inhibitory mechanisms are still somewhat omitted. AIM OF THE STUDY: Our study was focused on local changes at the level of paraspinal muscles and central inhibitory mechanisms at the brain and spinal cord level. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We compared AIS patients and healthy controls (HC). Firstly We performed needle EMG of paraspinal muscles. Secondly perioperative muscle biopsies were collected during correctional surgery focused on the distinguishing type I and II muscle fibres proportion. We also studied spinal inhibition with the spinal inhibitory reflex cutaneous silent period. Motor...
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Prognostic and predictive biomarkers of glial tumors of the central nervous system in the context of personalized medicine
Polívka, Jiří ; Tonar, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Holubec, Luboš (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The glial tumors, so called gliomas, represent the largest group of the primary central nervous system malignancies. Gliomas remain generally an incurable disease progressing from the lower grades of malignancy to the more aggressive tumors in the course of time. This finally leads to the rapid patient's clinical deterioration and eventually the death. Recently there has been a significant expansion of knowledge in the neuro-oncology domain regarding the onset and development of neoplastic disease at the genetic as well as epigenetic level. Novel prognostic and predictive molecular genetic biomarkers are emerging that can be used for more precise diagnosis, for more accurate assessment of a patients' prognosis, or for better selection of therapy and prediction of therapeutic response. The fundamental view of the histological- based classification of central nervous system tumors is gradually changing and the molecular biomarkers are incorporating in addition to histopathology to refine the diagnoses of many tumor entities at the moment. The recent findings from molecular genetics of gliomas together with the results from clinical trials incorporating the various biomarkers are discussed in this thesis. In the first study the biomarker isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 (IDH1) R132H mutation was examined...
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Adaptation mechanisms of the nervous system Following chronic injury and its clinical impact
Vaško, Peter ; Štětkářová, Ivana (advisor) ; Bojar, Martin (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Remarkable progress in therapy and diagnostics of neurological diseases, including brain and spinal cord injuries, has been achieved during last years. However, the nervous system with its complicated feedback circuits systems reaching from the periphery to the brain remains still unclear to our knowledge. Regeneration following serious injuries of the peripheral or central nervous system is often incomplete, leading to its poor functional outcome. Thus for the patients it means to become reconciled with a permanent disability. It is caused by limited recovery of the nervous system. Physiological circuits and neuronal nets are altered by an injury. In our study we try to elucidate some kind of an adaptation process of the peripheral and spinal nervous system using some of the neurophysiological methods. We studied the spinal inhibitory circuits and its afferent and efferent pathways and its role in acute and chronic lesions of the nervous system. We tried to reveal its potential capability in nervous system recovery. Our research includes several topics which have not been published yet. We focused on a spinal inhibitory reflex namely a cutaneous silent period in several conditions. In physiological conditions, we studied the influence of temperature on the cutaneous silent period; in pathological...
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The determination of the end-to-side anastomosis within the neurotization techni ques in thebrachial plexus reconstruction and the influence of the locally appli ed VEGF on the peripheral nerve regeneration
Kaiser, Radek ; Haninec, Pavel (advisor) ; Zvěřina, Eduard (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
There is rising importance of the brachial plexus injury firstly due to its increasing incidence as a result of higher survival rate of the patients after polytrauma and due to the higher success rate of the surgical treatment. Recently, the obstetric brachial plexus palsy is the area of interest of many articles. The indication criterion is one of the most important problems to be solved as well as increasing awareness about the possibility of the surgical treatment. Many of injured elements of the brachial plexus are reconstructed by a donor nerve transfered onto the recipient nerve, i.e. by neurotization. This method can have better outcome than the suturing of the proximal parts of the plexus especially due to its main advantage - suturing as close to the muscle as possible. It is still not clear which donor nerve is better to use for neurotization of specific recipients due to the lack of large randomized clinical trials. End-to-side anatomosis (ETS) was re-discovered at the beginning of 90's at the same time when the Oberlin method (OT) was firstly described in the literaure. These techniques are applicable only in the Erb's palsy with functional lower part of the plexus. The basis of the effect of ETS anastomosis is the collateral sprouting of the axons which is one of the most important...
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Neural and Genetic Basis of Epilepsy
Figelová, Tereza ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis describes neural and genetic basis of epilepsy, addresses the distribution of epileptic sezuries, which genes affect epilepsy and the connection between epilepsy and the nervous system. The thesis is based on data collection from scientific books, partly from data published by hospitals. Its focus is getting from the general expressions to the cellular level of the problem, which is necessary to clarify the epileptic principles. It also deals with the genetic nature of epilepsy, as it is with the inheritance of the disease and deals in more detail with early infantile epileptic. The beginning of work is about basic information of epilepsy. Next, it looks into the mechanisms that influence the emergence of epilepsy. Continues to look at the structures in the brain associated with epilepsy. And at the end, it deels with genetic nature of epilepsy. A brochure was created for this work, where basic information about epilepsy can be found, first aid for an epileptic seizure and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy is discussed in paragraphs.
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