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The study of degasing process during thermal treatment of advanced ceramic
Kocián, Karel ; Šoukal, František (referee) ; Ptáček, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with mechanism and kinetics of the burnout of additives during thermal treatment of ferrite ceramics. In order to establish this process thermal analysis were used, specifically: simultaneous thermogravimetric determination, differential thermal analysis and thermal analysis with evolved gas analysis (TG-DTA and EGA), high-temperature microscopy (HM), burning test in kiln with controlled atmosphere and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD). To determine the elemental composition after sintering and characterization of the sample, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used.
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Polymer-cement composites for refractory aplications
Zbončák, Marek ; Ptáček, Petr (referee) ; Šoukal, František (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with preparation of high-strength polymer-cement composites based on the calcium aluminate cement and polyvinylalcohol. MDF composites are interesting because of their mechanical properties which exceed strengths of the common materials based on the cement and inorganic binders. So they represent perspective kind of material which could be used for construction purposes. Thermal degradation of the polymer leads to structure changes of the composite and reduction of mechanical properties. Therefore thesis is aimed to characterize the influence of the temperature on mechanical properties, structural changes and material composition. Temperature dependence of flexural strength was examined during the work. Changes of composition and structure were characterized by XRD, DTA-TGA in combination with EGA, SEM and EDS analyses. Due to requirement of the material refractoriness there were also tested options of preparation of MDF composites based on phosphates binders which are used in refractory manufacture.
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Increasing the whiteness of kaoline
Bartošík, Jan ; Ptáček, Petr (referee) ; Šoukal, František (advisor)
The thesis deals with the issue of increasing the whiteness index of kaolin raw material. The research was focused on floating the kaolin suspension and the subsequent processes related to increasing the whiteness index. Increasing the whiteness of the kaolin raw material took place on the basis of acid leaching. The eluents were based on sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid and sodium bisulfite. The leaching process was influenced by the temperature and concentration of the leaching agent. Floated and leached kaolin samples were characterized by several methods. The XRD method investigated the mineralogical composition and the kaolinite structure order. The distribution of chromogenic components was monitored by SEM-EDS. Residues of organic matter was determined by COD test and the concentration of chromogenic components in the extract was monitored by the ICP-OES method. Last but not least, the index of whiteness was measured, the increase of which is the aim of the diploma thesis, using a UV-VIS spectrometer with reflective extension.
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Influence of short para-aramid fibers addition on the properties of ultra-high performance cement composite
Tandlich, Dávid ; Šoukal, František (referee) ; Bocian, Luboš (advisor)
In this bachelor's thesis, the use of p-aramid fibers in ultra-high performance cementitious composites was investigated. These fibers were used as a separate reinforcement, but also as a hybrid reinforcement in combination with steel fibers. The surface of both types of fibers was analyzed by SEM. In addition to the composite with p-aramid fibers and the hybrid composite, a reference composite with steel fibers and a matrix without fibers were also prepared. The prepared objects were tested in compressive strength and flexural tensile strength. Furthermore, the fracture surface on the selected bodies was analyzed by SEM. It turned out that it is not possible to clearly determine the composite with the best mechanical properties, as the standard deviations of hybrid and reference composite overlap. However, based on average values, the hybrid composite showed the best mechanical properties. The composite that contained only p-aramid fibers showed significantly lower compressive and flexural strength both compared to the reference composite. Results showed that p-aramid fibers alone did not exceed the effect of steel fibers. A problem was the tendency of p-aramid fibers to decrease a spillage and to form clusters in the matrix, which negatively affected the resulting properties of the composite. However, the use of p-aramid fibers in combination with steel fibers appeared to be advantageous, as it was found out that thanks to p-aramid fibers there was a slight reinforcement of the matrix and an improvement of the mechanical properties within the standard deviations.
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Reactive powder concretes (RPC) with redispersible polymer powders
Ondrůšková, Nela ; Másilko, Jiří (referee) ; Šoukal, František (advisor)
The thesis entitled "Reactive Powder Concretes (RPC) with Redispersible Powder Polymers" deals with the description, design and development of a material with increased ballistic resistance, i.e. with increased resistance to high-speed dynamic stresses due to interaction with a projectile. The high mechanical properties of RPC are achieved mainly by reducing the water coefficient, using a large dose of superplasticizers and high strength aggregates to achieve the densest possible structure. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of addition of redispersible powder polymer to RPC composite and to find the optimum type and amount of polymer to form a co-matrix, thus improving material properties such as flexural tensile strength and toughness. The preparation, procedure and processing of each formulation are described in each chapter, and the properties of these materials and observations of their behaviour under ballistic loading are described. Experimentally, the thesis focused on monitoring the effect of polymer type and amount, particularly on the change in bulk density and on compressive and flexural tensile strength. The results obtained for the different formulations were compared with each other and related to a reference. SEM analysis was performed to monitor the polymer film formation in the matrix. Based on the tests, two formulations with the best comprehensive properties were selected. These two formulations were subjected to DOP ballistic test.
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Reactive powder concretes (RPC) with polymer latexes
Petrů, Ludmila ; Koplík, Jan (referee) ; Šoukal, František (advisor)
This thesis deals with the effect of polymeric latexes on the properties of concrete based on reactive powders. Three types of commercial latexes were used for the preparation of the samples, namely Revacryl, Duvilax and Plextol. Revacryl AE 2091 is an aqueous dispersion of styrene-acrylate copolymer with a high content of solids. Duvilax BD-20 is a homopolymer polyvinyl acetate dispersion that does not contain fillers with plasticizers. Plextol X 4002 is an aqueous, self-setting acrylic emulsion with a high content of solids. These latexes were added to the samples at concentrations of 0,20; 0,40; 0,60; 1,20 and 2,50 %. To determine the effect of latex on processability, the flow rate of the fresh mixture was measured. The main objective was to determine the ballistic resistance of modified concretes based on reactive powders. The DOP test was used for the determination. Furthermore, the change in mechanical properties was determined by adding a polymer to concrete based on reactive powders. The improvement in properties is expected to be due to the formation of a polymer film and a polymer-cement co-matrix. To demonstrate the film formation, the microstructure of the samples was observed by a raster electron microscope.
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Influence of calcium sulphate type on hydration of Portland cement
Šimčíková, Ivana ; Šiler, Pavel (referee) ; Šoukal, František (advisor)
My bachelor thesis deals with the study of the influence of calcium sulphate types on the hydration of Portland cement. Hydration is performed at 15 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C. In the theoretical part we find a description of the hydration of Portland cement and the influence of the type and amount of gypsum on the hydration period. The experimental part contains the preparation of samples for measurement and the principle of calorimetry including a description of the calorimetric curve. The data obtained from the calorimetric curve was processed into ternary diagrams for illustration. The diagrams show that the more calcium sulphate is soluble, the shorter the induction period, the times of reaching the minimum heat flow and heat flow at the maximum silicate peak will have. Further, the diagrams showed that as the amount of water in sulphate increases, so does the amount of hydration heat released.
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Study of alkali metals ions diffusion in hardened cement
Doležal, Martin ; Janča, Martin (referee) ; Šoukal, František (advisor)
This master thesis is aim to study alkali diffusion (sodium, potassium) in hardened cement paste body. It´s deal with impact of various sorroudings (hydroxide, nitrate and carbonate) in various concentrations and temperature effect. This work is also deal with changes in cement paste and medium. Teoretic part is talking about cement production and cement chemistry, alkali-silica reaction, plasticizer, diffusion an cement testing metods. This work is aimed to white (Aalborg CEM I 52,5 R – SR 5) and road (Mokrá CEM I 42,5 R – sc) cement. Experimental part describes constitution of tested cement pastes, conservation of them and sampling. Diffusion is study by ICP-AES which affected the loss of alkali from the solution and SEM which affected alkali migration (diffusion) in cement paste. In several cases, the formation of a saturated alkali edge was observed, followed by steady diffusion. In the case of potassium there was very slow diffusion through the body mass. The influence of medium and temperature was evaluated as the most significant. The effect of medium concentration wasn´t significant. Also changes in the porosity on the body were observed. The diffusion itself was affected by secondary products gorwing on the surface of body and in the medium. The work deals with them in the last part.
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Possibilities of reducing zinc losses during heat treatment of ferrite ceramics
Buday, Patrik ; Šoukal, František (referee) ; Ptáček, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the study of the influence of sintering temperature on the evaporation of zinc from Mn-Zn-ferrite ceramics. The main focus of the study is on the reaction kinetics of the zinc evaporation process, at the same time the aim of this work is to propose and verify a method that would limit the evaporation of zinc. The theoretical part summarizes the basic knowledge about the properties, classification, application, and production of Mn-Zn-ferrites. The end of the theoretical part describes the loss of zinc and a possible solution to this undesirable phonomenon. The beginning of the experimental part contains a summary of the principles of infrared spectroscopy, electron scanning microscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The experimental part of the diploma thesis is focused on the description of the production of ferrite samples, the characterization of the input material and the determination of the reaction kinetics of the sintering, and its comparison with the kinetics of the sample treated with a protective layer.
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