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Effect of exercise training and Omega-3 fatty acids on body composition of elderly women
Sontáková, Lenka ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Lhotská, Lenka (referee)
Title: Effect of exercise training and Omega-3 fatty acids on body composition of elderly women Objectives: The aim of this work is to determine the effect of combined aerobic and dynamic strength activity and supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids on body composition in women of senior age over 65 years. Methods: The intervention study included 53 women aged 65-80 years. The intervention lasted 4 months and before and after its onset, women underwent clinical examinations, anthropometry, bioimpedation examinations, AT biopsies, blood samples, DEXA and fitness testing. The intensity of physical activity was 1 hour 3 times a week. Of this, 1 hour was devoted to aerobic activity - Nordic walking and the remaining 2 hours to strength training. The group was also randomly divided into an omega-3 fatty acid moiety and a placebo moiety. Results: The average input and output values and changes in selected body composition indicators measured by INBODY show that exercise had a statistically significant positive effect on total weight, visceral fat and BMI in both groups. In contrast to the Calanus group, there was a statistically significant improvement in the control group also for proteins and total muscle mass. The additive positive effect of Calanem supplementation was not demonstrated for any...
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Neuropsychological aspects of preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases
Nikolai, Tomáš ; Roth, Jan (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
Neuropsychological aspects of preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases are an extensively studied topic in neuropsychological research. Neuropsychological assessment can be helpful for the estimation of conversion risk in individual cases. The focus of neuropsychological research shifted from the evaluation of dementia to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or even to the detection of cognitive change before significant cognitive decline. In the theoretical part is presented a contemporary outline of preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases. The construct of MCI is the most studied topic in the prodromal stage of neurodegeneration and this part is dedicated to comprehensive analysis of MCI. The empirical research includes five studies on screening methods of cognitive abilities, memory and verbal fluency tests. We present normative and validity data in older adults and show their detection potential in MCI or preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we tried to show the detection potential of different memory measures in patients with MCI and estimate the relations between hippocampal atrophy and memory performance. Key words mild cognitive impairment, dementia syndrome, Alzheimer's Disease, neuropsychological assessment, diagnostic procedures
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More of a hindrance than a help? Staff perspectives on the usability of Electronic Patient Records (EPR) for planning and delivering dementia care in nursing homes: a multiple case study
Shiells, Kate ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Schneider, Justine (referee) ; Lužný, Jan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Humanities Longevity Studies More of a hindrance than a help? Staff perspectives on the usability of Electronic Patient Records for planning and delivering dementia care in nursing homes: a multiple case study Summary of the dissertation Author: Mgr. Kate Shiells Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Iva Holmerová, Ph.D. Prague 2020 2 Abstract Nursing homes are more frequently turning to the electronic patient record (EPR) to manage documentation. Potential benefits associated with EPR include the storage of longitudinal information, interoperability, and improved documentation quality. However, the uptake of EPR in nursing homes has varied considerably across countries, which has been associated with the incompatibility of some EPR systems with this environment. Furthermore, the suitability of EPR for planning dementia care is largely unknown. This study aims to produce recommendations for the future development of EPR systems for use in the assessment and care planning for people with dementia in nursing homes. Case studies of three nursing homes using EPR in Belgium, Czech Republic, and Spain were conducted. There are two elements to the study: (i) the contextual inquiry method is employed to explore usability issues with different types of end users. Data is analysed using qualitative...
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The effect of water-based exercise program on health related physical fitness and quality of life in elderly women
Kramperová, Veronika ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Labudová, Jana (referee)
Title: Effects of water-based aerobic programme on health-related physical fitness and health-related quality of life level in elderly females Objectives: The aim of this study was to asses the effect of shallow water aerobic programme on changes of health-related physical fitness and health- related quality of life level in elderly females. Methods: 33 women (mean age 67 ± 5,2 years) were eligible for participation for the study. Participants were divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group (n = 17) participated in a 6month shallow water aerobic programme once a week 60 minutes. The control group did not participate in the physical program. Body composition, low-back and hamstring flexibility, hand grip strength, upper body and lower body strength, aerobic capacity, dynamic postural stability and health-related quality of life were determined before and after completion. Results: This study has shown that the training programme caused a significant increase in aerobic capacity (p = 0,01; r = 0,62) and in general health perception (p = 0,04; r = 0,36). Keywords: physical fitness, water exercise programme, ageing, quality of life
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Ethics in social services: Involvement of peer consultants in social services for people with mental illness
Balková, Miluše ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Hradcová, Dana (referee) ; Páv, Marek (referee)
Involvement of people with experience of disease as a peer consultant in social and health services is a new phenomenon in the care of people with mental illness. The way the peer consultant works and his involvement in the team of experts is related to the different ethical contexts and aspects that each organization must prepare if it wants to implement this position. The experience of peer consultants is also a testimony of the status of people with mental illness in society, stigmatization and the need to help people in a similar situation. Klíčová slova illness, mental, care, psychiatric, altruism, solidarity, society, belonging, ethics, services, social, health, helping, sharing
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Ethical issues in connection with patient and physician involvement in clinical research
Norková, Olga ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Jedličková, Anetta (referee)
(in English): The subject of my dissertation is the decision of the subjects to participate in the early phase of clinical trial. The aim of this disseration is to detect and understand the ethical aspects of decision making of subjects with oncological diseases to participate in the early phase of clinical trial. In the theoretical part of my dissertation, I define the field of clinical research, describe the phases of clinical research and ethical codes important for clinical research. The current ethical dilemmas related to the participation of subjects in the early phase of clinical trial, which are being discussed by the professional public, are presented. The research part contains the results of interviews with seventeen respondents whose content correlates with the aim of the research part and it is to understand the decision- making of subjects to participate in the early phase of clinical trial in terms of subjectively constructed realities, which are different for individual respondents. The results of the research show that fourteen respondents identified one of the most important aspects of the decision-making to participate in the early phase of clinical trial of the recommendation of principal investigator and trust in a physician. Twelve respondents stated the most frequent reason...
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Ethical codes of non-medical health professions focusing on ambulance service workers
Černý, Jiří ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Vurm, Vladimír (referee)
Ethical codes of non-medical health professions focusing on ambulance service workers ABSTRACT A sharp increase of number of the codes of ethics in all fields of human activity is the trend of current ethical education. The dissertation is oriented (focuses) on the question of the necessity or the suitability of codes of ethics for ambulance services (Emergency Ambulance Services and Non- emergency patient transport services). The introductory theoretical part defines the range of medical transport professions that are the subjects of research. There are introduce the theoretical bases of healthcare professions. The historical part of the dissertation is focused on the development of a medical transport with an emphasis on ethical principles in the work of emegency and nonemergency ambulance services. The theory that the direct precursors of code of ethics can be promises, oaths, orders, statutes, instructions, recommendations and similar written or unwritten documents containing ethical principles that include challenges to help others and the demands of collegiallity, respect, honesty or virtuous life was confirmed. In the work is also mentions some ethical problems and dilemmas in the work in the ambulance services. The content of the practical part of dissertation is research study on the question of...
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Ethical Aspects of Restriction of Free Movement in the Course of Providing Social and Health Care
Lukasová, Marie ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Ivanová, Kateřina (referee) ; Haškovcová, Helena (referee)
M. Lukasová: Ethical Aspect of Restriction of Free Movement in the Course of Providing Social and Health Care Abstract In the course of providing social and health care, the providers on occasions resort to measures which limit the person's freedom of movement with the aim to prevent a harm to their life or health. Depending on the circumstances it involves a more or less invasive intervention - sometimes it is immediate and includes use of force in the situation of conflict and aggression management, other times it is rather a long-term nursing practice, for instance focused on fall prevention. Restraining is connected with the risk of considerably negative effects on health of a patient/service user. Therefore some authors doubt whether the use of restrictive intervention is ethical and lawful, and it is seen as inhuman and degrading treatment. Nevertheless, the most widespread approach accepts restrictive interventions as a measure of last resort (ultima ratio) providing that the principles of necessity and subsidiarity are respected. In the Czech Republic the public and professional debate is not sufficient and the use of restrictive interventions is not subjected to the state inspection. The human rights monitoring of persons held in health and social care institutions reports cases of restrictions...
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