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The adverbs absolutely and totally in present-day spoken British English
Malečková, Nikola ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
Adverbs absolutely and totally generally appear as adverbials of degree or as intensifiers, but they can also serve as discourse markers - "emphatic, affirmative response items" (Pertejo and Martínez 2014: 210). The distribution of the two adverbs differs in the individual functions (Gižová 2014) and differences can be expected also in the case of the same function expressed by different adverbs (e.g.: types of phrases intensified by the adverbs). The thesis explores the functions of adverbs absolutely and totally in present-day informal spoken British English. 100 examples of each adverb were excerpted from Spoken BNC2014. The thesis will describe syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and sociolinguistic aspects and characteristics of both adverbs in relation to their functions. Quantitative analysis compares relative frequencies of both adverbs in the corpus. Qualitative analysis focuses on syntactic structures in which the adverbs appear, and on their collocations. The thesis also describes semantic preferences of the adverbs, especially in their intensifying function (relations with positive or negative evaluative adjectives, expression of the speaker's attitude, relation with other intensifiers) and in the function of verb modifiers. The thesis also deals with the distribution and pragmatic functions...
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Androcentrism in contemporary spoken British English
Hladíková, Lenka ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The present thesis deals with the frequency and ways of using gender-specific and gender- neutral occupational labels and attempts to show if there is a tendency towards a more balanced representation of men and women in the contemporary spoken British English. The theoretical part describes the approaches to the study of language from the perspective of gender and summarises the previous research in the area of gender linguistics, focusing on the representation of men and women through language, linguistic androcentrism and sexism, language reforms proposed within the framework of equality movements and the impact of these reforms. The empirical part examines the frequencies and ways of using occupational -man compounds and compares them to their female and gender-neutral alternatives in the British parliamentary speeches, using the data from the Hansard corpus. The compounds with -man can be viewed as problematic since, from a feminist viewpoint, they contribute to linguistic invisibility of women, therefore efforts have been made to eliminate their usage. This thesis shows that overall the occupational -man forms tend to prevail over -woman, -person and other alternatives in the British parliamentary debates. However, it appears that with some occupations gender-neutral forms are becoming...
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As in the Middle English Romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Novotná, Alena ; Čermák, Jan (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to classify the uses of as in the text of the Middle English romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight from a formal and functional perspective. As has acquired a great number of functions through the process of grammaticalization. The theoretical part of the thesis firstly deals with the historical development of as from the Old English swā and ealswā. It then describes the uses of as in Middle English. In this period, as was found to function as an adverb, conjunction, preposition and a relative pronoun. Each of these uses can be further divided into a number of subtypes. The thesis subsequently summarizes the functions as can have in Present-Day English. The final sections of the theoretical overview briefly present the processes of grammaticalization and constructionalization, as these two processes have been instrumental in the development of as. The practical section is concerned with the analysis of all the instances of as in the chosen text. It classifies them and defines each type of use in more detail. The analysis also considers competing means of expressing the same function and comments on possible ambiguities. Furthermore, this section deals with the uses of as in the text from the perspective of their grammaticalization and also points out uses which are only...
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Rhetorical Aspects of Political Speeches: Remain or Leave?
Stejskalová, Rozálie ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis analyses rhetorical aspects of political discourse in two speeches given on Brexit by British politicians, David Cameron and Boris Johnson. Our study characterizes the formal aspects of the speeches, analyses the genre and arrangement of the speeches, and compares three modes of persuasion (pathos, logos, ethos) which are created through the employment of various rhetorical devices typically used in political discourse. The focus of our study is on metaphor, metonymy, syllogism and prolepsis. The objective of the thesis is to determine whether the political speakers put an emphasis on one of the three modes of persuasion in their speeches and how this contributes to the persuasiveness of their speeches. The study is based mostly on the concepts of traditional rhetoric and the methodology used and described by Jonathan Charteris-Black (2014), (2018) who combines traditional approaches to political discourse with approaches from critical discourse analysis. Therefore, the next objective of our analysis is to discover whether the application of this methodology provides insight into the style of political discourse.
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The Use of Punctuation, Emoji and Emoticons in YouTube Abusive Comments
Bočková, Renata ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis attempts to contribute to the study of punctuation marks (including emoji and emoticons) used in computer-mediated communication. It aims to describe their role in abusive comments on YouTube videos with LGBT content and the extent to which their use differs in respectful and hateful comments on such videos. The analysis concentrates also on how the distribution of punctuation marks differs in relation to the polarity, content and length of comments. The thesis also provides a comparison of the frequency of the occurrence of punctuation marks in both respectful and hateful comments. In addition to that, this paper attempts to classify emoji and emoticons according to their role in the text. Key words Computer-mediated communication, YouTube, emoji, emoticons, punctuation, Internet communication
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Czech augmentative suffixes in translation from English
Zahradníková, Tereza ; Popelíková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
This BA thesis focuses on the analysis of English expressions that are translated into Czech by using words containing augmentative suffixes. The theoretical background presents the general concept of augmentatives and then it focuses on describing them in terms of the individual linguistic systems of English and Czech. In this section, they are discussed mainly from the point of view of their formation. While Czech makes use of suffixation to create augmentatives, English incorporates splinters and neoclassical compounds. Subsequently, the thesis draws a comparison between the English and Czech systems. The analysis examines English equivalents of Czech expressions containing 18 different augmentative suffixes. It focuses on the comparison of the individual translation counterparts and on analyzing augmentatives from the formal and semantic points of view. The search is conducted in the Czech- English parallel corpus InterCorp and the overall amount of data for the analysis is 68 lemmas and 593 tokens. The English expressions are divided into multiple formal categories and subsequently compared with their Czech translation counterparts. The results of the analysis showed that from the formal point of view, the most frequent equivalents of Czech augmentatives are nominal expressions, followed by adjectival...
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Development of strong adjectives in Early Middle English
Martin, Robert ; Tichý, Ondřej (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is concerned with the systemic change affecting the endings of adjectives as corresponding to the Old English strong and weak adjectival forms, which took places largely during the first half of the Middle English period. The analysis contained therein was executed using the PPCME2, from which adjectives ending in two types of consonant clusters were selected based on their possible lack of participation in the emerging orographic system that, to this day, uses the final -e diacritically to indicate qualities of the root vowel without it's having the value of the vowel wherein the opposition between the two types of adjectives lay. This analysis took into consideration other factors, phonological and orthographical, but also casal, as well as presence of various determiners. The analysis underway, a surprising tendency was observed in the examined material: to extend the strong/weak opposition to adjectives in the dative case, and that during the first quarter of the period. Analysis of phonological factors confirmed that this phenomenon must have been morphological in nature. Strong as this tendency may seem, it didn't last, and materials for the later periods reflect the disappearance of the dative endings altogether. For the direct case, the analysis confirmed the...
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Semantic classification of Old Norse lexical borrowings in English
Müllerová, Světlana ; Popelíková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY - FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND ELT METHODOLOGY Semantic Classification of Old Norse Lexical Borrowings in English BA THESIS Supervisor: Mgr. Jiřina Popelíková Author: Světlana Müllerová Abstract The aim of this BA thesis was to examine the Old Norse lexical loans entering Middle English as presented by Middle English Dictionary, and to classify them according to the semantic fields provided by Thesaurus of Old English. The semantic categories of the Thesaurus also provided Old English lexical units, which were excerpted and served for observation of the relationship between the native lexis and the incoming Scandinavian borrowings. Most of the semantic categories in the Thesaurus are represented by the loans and the Old English lexical units largely cover the meanings of the entering borrowings. Key words: Old Norse lexical loans, Middle English, Middle English Dictionary, semantic fields, semantic classification, Thesaurus of Old English, Old English lexical units, Old Norse, Old English
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The English future "be going to" and its translation counterparts
Koubková, Ivana ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
This paper studies the English construction be going to, and explores its meanings and translational counterparts in Czech. The theoretical chapter of the study first summarizes the expressions of future in English, and then it describes the English construction be going to. An overview of its meanings as well as its formal features are presented. Subsequently, a remark on the spread of the be going to construction in written English is made and the situation in Czech is outlined. The analytical part is based on a sample of 100 examples excerpted from the InterCorp parallel corpus. First, the occurrences are analyzed according to the meanings of be going to described in the theoretical part, and next, their Czech translational counterparts are examined. key words: future, future tense, be going to, counterparts
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