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The Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy of Henry Kissinger and its reflection through the eyes of his critics
Lorenz, Adam ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
Henry Kissinger is considered to be one of the most influential diplomats of U.S. history. He proved his uniqueness among other things during peace diplomacy in the Middle East in the administration of Presidents Nixon and Ford. His power extended far beyond the usual competence of the Secretary of State. The work aims to investigate his role in the Arab-Israeli conflict and to identify the relationship to the parties concerned. In contrast are given personal interests of Henry Kissinger, the United States and the individual members of the Middle East conflict. Considerable attention is paid to American foreign policy towards the Soviet Union and the role of participants in the regional conflict in the Cold War strategy of the United States. His memoirs, which represent a comprehensive approach to U.S. Mideast issues in this period compared in the course of the work with the equally important views of both sides of the conflict. Through the comparison with the critical perspectives of key actors of the conflict are analyzed facts for which his Middle East diplomacy emerged. Transcripts of telephone calls, cables, personal interviews and correspondence of Henry Kissinger are also used for the collotion. The work is complemented by personal reflection of the issue on the basis of selected materials.
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Liberal Democracy and Chinese Political Culture: American Perspectives and Perceptions
Hornát, Jan ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
In the case of China, a rising great power, the question of adopting a democratic political system is not just a domestic issue, but has much broader implications for China's relations with the outside world, especially the United States. Whether Washington and Beijing continue to cohabitate without major conflict will depend in large part on the specific form of the regime that evolves in China and on the American perception of this regime. The research hypothesis of this paper proposes that in the event of a democratic transition, China will not adopt a liberal democracy, but a variation of democracy that will include meritocratic and communitarian aspects, due to the strong role of Confucian ethics and morals in influencing Chinese political culture. In an extreme case, China's "non-liberal" democracy may be perceived by the United States as a wholly undemocratic regime and hence, the presumed benign effects of democracy on state-to-state relations, such as "democratic peace", will become void. Yet, if China adopts a "non-liberal" democratic government that primarily strives to ensure "good governance" and if the United States is prepared to accept China as a "non-liberal" democracy, mutually beneficial and peaceful relations can be maintained. The first part of the paper focuses on defining the...
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Re-established partnership: Analysis of the American-Philippine security cooperation during Bush and Obama administrations
Kryl, Šimon ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes the security cooperation between the United States and the Philippine Republic during the period between 2001 and 2016 during which the security cooperation went through major changes. The U.S.-Philippine alliance became one of the cornerstones for the stabilization of the turbulent region of Southeast Asia. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the areas of mutual cooperation, what are the arguments for the improvement of the partnership and what role was played by the People's Republic China in forming this relationship. The first chapter is explaining the historical context of the cooperation which is necessary to deepen the understanding of the topic. The second part analyses the security threats which influenced the building of the security cooperation between Washington and Manila. The third chapter focuses on the evolution of the U.S.-Philippine security relations during George W. Bush's administration. Bush's declaration of War on terror had a significant impact on improvement of the U.S.-Philippine security relations. The last chapter analyzes president Obama's Pivot to Asia and examines how Chinese military activities are reflected in Washington's relations with Manila. The thesis concludes that both Bush and Obama administrations could be credited for...
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Economic sanctions as a tool of US foreign policy toward Cuba in the 1960s
Kleiberová, Kamila ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Pondělíček, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on how economic sanctions work and also on their effectivness in a field of internation relations. The first part of the thesis shows an issue which makes the sanctions inefficient. The issue is a third party meaning that the third party can economically help to the sanctioned country. The theory is demonstrated on a case study of Cuban embargo imposed by the United States after 1959. The third party was the former USSR who helped Cuba from their economical problems so Cuba did not have to surrender to American conditions.
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The percetion of equality in the US
Černochová, Johana ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis analyses the perception of equality in the United States in the context of today's high economic inequality. The main characteristic feature of this perception is the emphasis on the equality of opportunity. According to this ideal, America is the land of equal opportunity to achieve success, which depends on hard work and talent, not on family wealth. This concept is often considered as the opposite of the so-called equality of outcomes, which demands more even distribution of wealth, and which is usually perceived as foreign to American values. However, the large economic inequality, which is even much higher in America than in other advanced countries, has provably negative impacts on the general possibility of fair equal opportunity. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to verify the assumption that in the context of today's high and rising economic inequality, these negative impacts on the real state of equal opportunity must also find expression in the actual American perception of equality. Based on the analysis of an extensive set of public opinion surveys, it concludes that a certain change in the perception takes place. The emphasis on the equality of opportunity is still crucial, but the findings of the thesis do not support the notion that larger equality of outcomes is...
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The Strategy of Promoting Czech Citizens to the Position of Heads of EU Delegations
Urban, Patrik ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with strategies of promoting Czechs as ambassadors of the EU (HoD) since the launch of the European External Action Service to the present. The main research goal of this thesis is to find out whether the Czech Republic promotes its candidates to the HoD positions in the countries of its priority interests. So far, a Czech citizen has become an HoD in six cases. These cases are confronted with a categorization of priority countries of the Czech Republic which has been elaborated by the author. Then, the Czech activities in promoting citizens are analysed based on interviews with relevant employees of the Czech state organs. These actions are consequently put into categorization of lobbying methods of the smaller states in the EU. Based on the categorization of the Czech territorial priorities, it can be claimed that the Czechs have not been sent as HoDs to the countries of the Czech interests so far. Even their other applications have not been meant to place them to the countries of the Czech interests. On the other hand, there is a bulk of activities embraced by the Czech Republic to reverse this trend. First, the Czech administration exacerbates networking and informal meetings among the Czechs based in Brussels. Second, the Czech state officials have developed formal...
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Pivot to Asia: Case Study of American Democracy Promotion in Myanmar, 2011 - 2016
Grmelová, Lucie ; Kucer, Maxim (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
Promotion of democracy, a traditional tool of American foreign policy, was used also during Barack Obama's presidency through open dialogues and mutual cooperation also with non- democratic nations. The United States during Obama's administration renewed and connected diplomatic relations with countries that were overlooked by previous American administrations. This thesis is focusing on the foreign policy concept during Obama's second term, namely Pivot to Asia. Support of universal values and democracy was one of the central pillars of this policy. The main goal of this thesis is to argue if concentrated American presence and activity in 2011-2016 in Southeast Asia either supported democratic growth or led to democratic backsliding in the region. Specifically, Myanmar had gone through major political transformation since 2011. Ruling junta implemented reforms that opened up space for democratic opposition in the country and reduced sanctions and the policy of isolation from many Western states. Changes within Myanmar government in 2011-2016, American policy towards Myanmar, and normalization of American-Myanmar relations are three examples used in this case study that provides concrete approaches of American administration within Pivot to Asia.
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Impact of the National Ocean Policy in the United States
Ouředníková, Petra ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyzes the newly established U.S. National Ocean Policy. Through a content analysis of all obtained sources concerning the opinions on the policy, the main hypothesis is either confirmed or disproved. It can be assumed that Republicans would oppose this policy from obvious ideological reasons, whilst Democrats would support this policy, because it originated from their administrative and follows their positive approach to environmental issues. The ocean is not only for the United States, but also for the whole world an important source of food and various minerals, affects weather, produces a great amount of oxygen and absorbs noticeable amount of pollutants. Its economic potential for the United States is imperative and the worsening conditions of the ocean ecosystems represent an enormous potential threat to the future economic prosperity of the United States. President Barack Obama reinforced this ocean policy, which should response to the worsening conditions of the ocean, aim focus on the improvements of the ocean management and simultaneously enhance the protection of the ocean ecosystems. This policy began its journey in 2010 and was finished on paper in 2013. Its implementation will take many years, during which this political framework should lead to improvement of the ocean...
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