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Supercritical Fluid Extraction: A Green Method for the Isolation of Valuable Substances from the Various Biological Matrices.
Topiař, Martin ; Sajfrtová, Marie ; Šolcová, Olga ; Hradecký, J. ; Hůrková, K. ; Hajšlová, J.
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide is a sophisticated technology suitable for isolation of un-polar, high value biological active substances from the various biological matrices. In this study, it was used for the extraction of Magnolia x pruhoniciana flowers and Japonochytrium marinum fungus. Results obtained from the SFE were compared with those from conventional extraction methods. A total number of 37 compounds were identified in the magnolia isolate, from which α-pinene (18 % of peak area), cymene (14 % of peak area), β-pinene (13 % of peak area) and humulene (6 % of peak area) were its main components. Yield of valuable free fatty acids DHA and EPA obtained by the SFE of Japonochytrium marinum was more than 1.5 times higher in comparison with organic liquid extraction using mixture of methanol and dichloromethane.
Plný tet: SKMBT_22317120815262 -  PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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Waxes and Lipids Extraction from Miscanthus Giganteus Stems.
Rousková, Milena ; Šolcová, Olga ; Kaštánek, František ; Bárnet, M. ; Svátek, A. ; Stránská, M. ; Hanika, Jiří
In the framework of the project BIORAF, supported by Technology Agency CR (project no. TE01020080), plantations for experimental production of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis have been founded by the project partner AGRA Co. Tall stems of this plant contain a broad spectrum of various substances (waxes, lipids, carotenoids, etc.) being potentially exploitable in cosmetics.Extraction processing of crushed dry stems using non-polar solvent is a promising way for separation of these substances into an extract, whereas the waste raffinate containing waste biomass has, after being pressed into the form of pellets, the potential for energetic utilization as green fuel.\n
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22016111814311 - PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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Planet Earth – Global Batch Bioreactor.
Hanika, Jiří ; Šolcová, Olga ; Kaštánek, František
Planet Earth, precisely speaking its surface shell, might be considered as a huge, multiphase, batch, biochemical reactor heated by Sun, whose energy is a unique resource. The Sun ensures our earthly life uncondicionally; moreover, it compensated the heat losses of the land, water and ice by radiation emitted from the Earth surface to its surrounding space at night. It is evident that in this macro-reactor the complex transport phenomena occurs in phases;involving mass, heat and momentum. Obviously such a responsive batch system can be only limited by resouces of carbon materials utilized in energy produstion for industrial and chemical processes.
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Lipid Extraction from Algae Trachydiscus Minutus.
Rousková, Milena ; Kohoutková, J. ; Bicová, M. ; Šolcová, Olga ; Kaštánek, František ; Hanika, Jiří
It is characteristic for some species of algae that they contain lipids. Moreover, their structure contains unsaturated fatty acids. That is of particular importance mainly due to the presence of nutritionally valuable omega-3 fatty acids, which strongly supports the health condition of a person when consumed. An exceptional position belongs to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), so called 20:5n3 in physiological literature. EPA is an omega-3 fatty acid and it is sometimes called the timnodonic acid1. Its molecule contains 20 carbons with 5-cis-alkene bonds. The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. It is therefore polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and is a precursor for prostaglandin E3 and/or tromboxane synthesis with significant health support effects. Another important place in human metabolism is occupied by alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is also an essential fatty acid. A human body converts this acid to eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA). This process significantly reduces diabetes and some types of patient's allergies.
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22016111814310 - PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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Preparation of Magnesium Silicide from Recycled Materials for Energy Storage.
Bumba, Jakub ; Dytrych, Pavel ; Šolcová, Olga ; Koštejn, Martin ; Fajgar, Radek ; Maléterová, Ywetta ; Kaštánek, František
Recycling technologies help to save energy, materials and environment. This is the main reason of their popularity. The recovery of semiconductors and metals depends on recycling treatment. A new multi-step technology, which enables to obtain pure silicon and hydrogen from waste materials,is reported in this study. The only by-product is magnesium phosphate, which is a desired fertilizer. Magnesium silicide was successfully prepared from milled silicon photovoltaic (PV) panels and milled Mg obtained from the scrap. The formed magnesium silicide was then hydrolysed by phosphoric acid to form a mixture of silanes. Gaseous products (silanes) were separated by cooling below their boiling temperature by liquid nitrogen and then thermally decomposed by a hot wire, e.g. Pt.This treatment leads to pure silicon and hydrogen release. In this study a deep-in characterization by various methods spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X- Ray spectroscopy (EDX), etc.) of prepared samples was also done to explain the individual influences, e.g. reaction temperature and atmosphere.
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22016111814301 - PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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