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Nutritional status in patients suffering from deep sternal wound infection
Štroblová, Petra ; Špaček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
Introduction: The procedure of longitudinal median sternotomy is the most commonly used approach in cardiac surgery with the necessary complex postoperative treatment. A multifactorial approach is particularly important to prevent later complications, which can be very serious or fatal. The theoretical part of the thesis is not just about the risk factors that may interfere with the healing process but also about nutritional measures that could reduce the risk or completely prevent the profound dehiscence of the sternotomic wound. Methodology: The research method consisted of a retrospective analysis of the risk factors of deep sternal dehiscence in 22 patients who underwent cardiac surgery using the technique of longitudinal median sternotomy over a ten-year interval. 11 patients with sternal healing disorder were selected and included in group 1. Subsequently, an additional 11 patients were selected without sternal dehiscence. These patients were selected in such a way that their characteristics corresponded to the characteristics of patients of the first group in terms of statistical evaluation and comparison of both groups (type of exercise, length of operation, use of extracorporeal circulation, LIMA / BIMA, etc.). In the selection of patients in the control group 2, the laboratory nutrition...
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Education effect on blood lipid levels in patients with dyslipidaemia
Kuncířová, Veronika ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Tůmová, Eva (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines the influence of education and diet on patients with dyslipidemia. Another object was to explore the eating habits of patients and find out if they are interested in a healthy lifestyle. The theoretical part is based on knowledge from the academic literature. It explains the concept of dyslipidemia, its divisions and causes of disease and describes possible methods of treatment. The pieces of information for the practical part are obtained through questionnaires from patients who are treated in the Center for Preventive Cardiology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. Another source are laboratory tests of blood, which were taken before education and then again after a minimum interval of one month from the education. Values were processed by using graphs and tables. The results clearly showed us that after education and compliance with the recommended diet, values of blood lipids were improved. On three of the four monitored lipid parameters diet had a positive impact. Furthermore, it appears that the majority of patients with dyslipidemia has good eating habits. The last point that has been studied, was the patients' interest in a healthy lifestyle. It revealed insufficinet interest at the majority of the...
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Effect of low-cholesterol diet on lipid parameters in patients with hypercholesterolemia
Šípková, Eva ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
This thesis focuses in its theoretical part onto description of human lipid functions, and on cholesterol mainly. It zooms on different types of dyslipidemia, which as a significant factor influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. There are introduced possibilities of pharmacology treatment, as well as regime changes, which should go along with every attempt of successful therapy of dyslipidemia. The emphasis is on diet, which can in high level influence the amount of fat intake. Low-cholesterol diet by itself is no longer recommended as it was proved that limitation of cholesterol only does not lead to hypocholesterolemia. Patients with dyslipidemia have to follow diet with reduced fat intake; the impact of this diet on lipid parameters is subject of this thesis. Shortly we also touch the topic of atherosclerosis as a consequence of increased levels of blood lipids. Practical part is devoted to research that took place with control group of patients in Center of preventive cardiology of 3rd Medical Clinic of General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University. Thanks to patients' observation before and after regime changes including diet we are able to evaluate by the end of this thesis whether diet with reduced fat intake has demonstrable effect on patient's lipid...
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Eating habits of clients after cardiac and vascular incidents
Šatrová, Jiřina ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Goláň, Lubor (referee)
The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and research. The theoretical part deals with the issues dyslipoproteinemia and their classification. generally describes a composition of different types of lipid and versatile metabolism. Discusses about the risk factors of atherosclerosis and the originator of cardiovascular disease. Finally analyzes in detail of treatment of dyslipidemia, ie. Pharmacotherapy and summarize the principles of diet therapy, adherence to proper diet and draws attention to preventive measures The aim of the research part is real verification of awareness and level of patient's eating habits after cardiac and vascular insufficiency.
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Effect of low-choelsterol diet on lipid parametrs by patients with hypercholesterolemia
Šilerová, Tereza ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on dyslipidemia, as a significant risk factor in terms of the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. It describes the various lipids found in blood plasma. It explains the concept of dyslipidemia, their classification, diagnosis and therapy, which involves pharmacotherapeutic treatment and dietary measures as recommended for these diseases. It touches upon the process of atherosclerosis, as there is a very close between atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. It gives a detailed description of the principles of the diet recommended for patients with hypercholesterolemia. The practical part of the work is devoted to research focusing on patients with hypercholesterolemia in order to determine their eating habits and the influence that a low-cholesterol diet has on blood lipid parameters. The aim was to either confirm or refute hypotheses concerning dietotherapy. The purpose of this work is to stress the importance of thorough and repeated education for patients in order to help prevent the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, diet therapy, education, prevention
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Influence of Diet on Blood Lipid Levels in Dyslipidemic Patients
Dostálová, Lenka ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship of eating habits and dyslipidemia. Its aim is to find out whether diet influences blood lipid levels. The paper is divided into a theoretical and a research part. The theoretical part handles with lipids of the human organism in general, their metabolism and the risks of atherosclerosis. The research part describes work with patients who suffer from lipid metabolism disorders. The patients had a diet consultation and, two months after, they had their blood drawn to see the results of cholesterol and triglycerides levels. The patients also filled in a questionnaire concerning their eating habits. It turned out that nutritional intervention had resulted in an average decrease in triglycerides and total as well as LDL-cholesterol levels. However, HDL-cholesterol level decreased as well. Furthermore, the questionnaire enquiry showed that dyslipidemic patients do not, in general, disobey recommendations of the dyslipidemic diet. The results of the paper showed that dyslipidemic patients follow recommendations of a healthy diet. However, there is still space for improvement. Thus, regular diet consultations are important and can help improve state of health of dyslipidemic patients. Keywords: Diet, dyslipidemia, cholesterol, triglycerides
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Influence of dietary calcium intake on bone mineral density
Ešlerová, Kateřina ; Raška, Ivan (advisor) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with dietary calcium intake and its effect on bone mineral density. The theoretical part summarizes the general knowledge of calcium, its function, metabolism, sources, recommended daily allowance, disorders of calcium metabolism, diseases associated with calcium metabolism. The practical part contains the evaluation of results of the questionnaire focused on dietary calcium intake of patients from Osteological Centre of the 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague. These results were compared in association with bone mineral density. Key words: calcium, metabolism, nutrition, osteoporosis, bone mineral density
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