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Formation of party system in new democracy: The case study of Spain
Pour, Jiří ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the formation of Spanish party system from the democratic transition and first free elections in 1977 until now. It follows two mutually interconnected lines - the development and relations of parties on the national level, i.e. the whole party system, and the internal development, structure and functioning of the parties themselves as elements of the party system. The thesis starts with chapter The Franco Regime, which serves as a historical introduction to the issue and calls attention to important events that preceded the Spanish transition to democracy. The second chapter, The Transition to Democracy, slowly abandons the historical perspective and presents an analysis of the first democratic elections and the first democratically governing party - Unión de Centro Democrático. These two chapters are followed by the third chapter The Party System which is the real core of this thesis. In its subchapters are examined: the legal basis of the party system, the conditions of developing Spanish democracy and its impact on the party system and at last the main political powers in Spain of the last 30 years - Partido Socialista Obrero Español and Partido Popular. On the background of detailed examination of these two parties can be seen the development of the...
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Reflection of group interests in political decision-making processes: an institutional approach
Kotlas, Petr ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Čmejrek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
Ing. Petr Kotlas Reflexe skupinových zájmů v procesu politického rozhodování: institucionální přístup Disertační práce Praha 2012 Annotation PhD thesis "Reflection of group interests in political decision-making processes: an institutional approach" deals with the role of group interests reflected into the specific decision-making actions, on various stages of the political discourse. The thesis offers a methodological contribution, consisting in an interconnecting of the analysis of interest groups with a new institutional paradigm, utilizing its fundamental concepts, particularly transaction costs, formal and informal institutions, and various types of 5 institutional setting, its equilibrium and change. Among the problems of pluralist democracy there are underlined the processes of cleavage and cohesion, shaping group diversity under the condition of multi-actor democracy. The characteristic of political decision-making involves beyond general framework also problems of group decisionmaking. Two alternative approaches to the policy-making analysis are explored: first, an arena approach, focused on the relations among actors, arenas, and agendas; second, an approach focused on the different networks of policy-making. There is the phenomenon of lobbying analyzed in detail, including the controversial...
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The Elements Influencing the Degree of the Right-Wing Extremism in the Czech Republic after 1989
Vaníček, Pavel ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Elements Influencing the Degree of the Right-Wing Extremism in the Czech Republic after 1989" deals both with the general right-wing extremism, with its historical development and his particular ideologies, and concretely with the situation in the Czech Republic after the Velvet Revolution and with his reasons, as well, and with it related solutions, how the right-wing extremism utmost to eliminate. It is interesting and edifying to get knowledge of, how in the period of modernizing, also especially in the nineteenth century, the western society commuted itself and what impacts this epoch had upon the human thinking and self-awaking. What trains of thought this emancipation ended in and what influence this all had upon the world history. Starting with the nationalism, that had been the cause of the fascism and consequently of the Nazism, and ending with the neofascism and neo-Nazism. After the year 1989 all these phenomenons had naturally marked impact upon the formation of the modern Czech extreme right, as well. Of course, the mentioned phenomenons are not coming just by themselves. They are always, more or less, conditioned on something. And rightly these conditioning, let us say understating, elements the work is dealing with, too. As well as with the suggestions of positive solution...
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Traditional Values and Czech Party System
Vaněk, Přemysl ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
Social conservative values are not a frequently voiced topic among Czech politics, but still, there are few parliamentary parties that claim to be conservative. Conservative thinking is very often interchanged with right-wing affiliation, which can lead to ambiguous identification of political subjects. The thesis concentrates on Social conservatism that is placed outside right wing-left wing definition of political parties and tries to analyse its specifics and roots. Social conservatism promotes ethical issues connected with Christian morals. This study analyses these issues and attempts to evaluate their relevance within the Czech society and party system. From the analysis of Social conservative values and individual conservative parties and movements it is clear that Social conservatism does not belong among essential topics for Czech society and politics, even though this way of thinking is still present. The main representative of Social conservatism is parliamentary party KDU- ČSL, which, nevertheless, given to the degree of liberalisation in the Czech society, still enforces the Social conservative values with great care. There are also radical, religiously fundamental voices present, these are, however, not given much space. Declared Social conservatism of some Czech political parties thus more...
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Europeanization of Parliamentary Parties in Czech republic
Kučerová, Lucie ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The process of the European integration finalized institution-wise by the EU presents an evergreen discussion topic of virtually all the areas of social studies. One out of many consequences of this phenomenal integration scheme of the modern times is the topic of europeanization of the national structures of the single member states. This thesis is focused on discovering the rate of europeanization and analyzing the overall attitude of the parties represented in the parliament of the Czech Republic. As the research on europeanization is struggling with methodological and terminological ambiguity, the first chapters of the thesis are devoted to the overview of the most important conceptions, models and approaches in relation to the europeanization topic. There is also space for the phenomena related to the europeanization process (euroscepticism, political parties on the EU level and so on). The specific analytical frame reflecting the main criteria of the research of the Czech political parties is consequently introduced based on the detailed description of terms and concepts. Europeanization is assessed in the minimalistic way - as process closely related to the existence of the EU. The europeanization process itself is then understood as a reflection of the European integration in the domestic...
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Switzerland-EU Bilateral Agreements: Factual Integration ?
Jahůdka, Marek ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The relationship between the European Union and Switzerland constitutes one of the most interesting phenomenons in Europe. Both entities have closely cooperated e.g. in the field of economy, culture or education but there have been just few formal agreements which would regulate this cooperation till the recent time. Bilateral agreements I and II between the EU and Switzerland, which were negotiated at the turn of the century, therefore represent a "small revolution" for both contracting parties and a new quality in their relationship. They regulate the most important common fields of interest, mainly at the area of mutual trade. But the main question remains: do these negotiations and agreements create a solid basis for a further integration of Switzerland into the EU or do they contrariwise constitute a status quo which will not be changed for a longer period of time? The search for this answer is not an easy one. The EU would be surely interested in an accession of Switzerland but it is quite obvious that there is not so much enthusiasm on the Swiss side. The skepticism towards a deeper integration into the EU is spread mainly among electors and it has been proved in several plebiscites on this theme. The accession is backed approximately by 30 percent of voters and there is no canton with a majority of...
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Role of English in globalizing world
Hnízdo, Bořivoj ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee) ; Baar, Vladimír (referee)
This work attempts to provide a detailed analysis of the role of English in today's globalizing world. It explains two fundamental theories associated with the role. The first one consists of the existence of a global system of languages in the contemporary world in which English plays the central role. The second one consists of the so-called language imperialism where the role of English consists of oppressing small languages. This work does not just analyze these theories but seeks an individual approach to the topic while being aware of the clear limits of the exceptional status of English among other languages in today's world. The topic of this work is cross-disciplinary but is based on the social sciences. The work has been divided into three parts in order to cover all aspects of the topic. The first part contains a summary of the English-speaking countries worldwide. The second part deals with the issue of English as a language of international communication. The third part is aimed at the question as to whether or not today's status of English is indeed exceptional, whether or not it is the only global language and whether or not English will be able to maintain its current status in the near future.
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The birth and the setting up of the communist regime in the Czechoslovakia and Poland: the explicit binary comparison
Fiala, Ludvík ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on matters of communist regime and it's differences between two middle - European countries: Czechoslovakia and Poland. The first theoretical part approaches assumptions of birth and the beggining of communist ideology in the Word, presents main ideas and personalities whitch communism risen of and was developed. The second and the third part enlarge about the way of establishment communist regime and it's practical behaviour in Czecholsovakia and Poland. Finally last part within the frame of binary comparison of mentioned countries goes about common and different attributes which defined birthing and lately establishing communist regimes in named states. This main part is highly focused on the way of birth of communist regimes, on the differencies between their behaviour and on the answering of research questions.
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The position of the French President in the context of the Fifth Republic
Kajtman, Jakub ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The current French president has more possibilities to strengthen his position within the political system of the Fifth republic than his predecessors before the year 2000. This is the conclusion of this paper. At the turn of the millennium, French citizens have approved in a referendum the reduction of presidential term from seven to five years. In addition french prime minister initiated the change of the electoral calendar. Thanks to these reforms the probability that the system freezes in the period of cohabitation decreased significantly. In that context, this paper examines in what extend the role of the president became more important and how the last three french heads of state (Chirac, Sarkozy and Hollande) managed to behave within this new constitutional settlement. According to the results of this study, the president got wider possibilities especially in the field of practical execution of his mandate. It is because he can be more certain that the parliamentary majority will support him during his whole five year term. This means that the constitutional reform in 2000 (and next revisions in 2007 and 2008) made the political system clearer and it also stabilized the electoral calendar. Additionally, if an ambitious politician with the will of concentrating big amount of power only in his own...
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