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Regulation of adiponectin and its isoforms production in human obesity
Kováčová, Zuzana ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hainer, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rossmeisl, Martin (referee)
It is apparent that the imbalance in energy intake and expenditure coming hand-to-hand with the "westernisation" of our lifestyle leads to an elevated number of overweight and obese individuals that are commonly in a greater risk of developing chronic complications (e.g. insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) with increased mortality. The development of obesity-related complications closely relate with dysfunction of adipose tissue leading to the peripheral insulin resistance and metabolic disruption of insulin sensitive organs (e.g. muscle, liver) subsequently inducing whole body insulin resistance. Since adipose tissue is the biggest endocrine organ in the human body producing many hormones influencing functions of adipose tissue itself or other organs, alteration of their spectrum has been revealed as one of the possible inductors or contributors disturbing body energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue serves as a major site for storage of surplus nutritions, however, long-term positive energy imbalance and high dose calorie intake lead not only to expansion of fat mass but mainly to the pathological changes of the tissue. In states of obesity, adipose tissue is under constant metabolic stress, resulting in the activation of the stress and inflammatory response. It leads to...
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Relationship of selected indicators of nutritional status and results of oesophageal cancer treatment with chemoradiotherapy and surgery
Zemanová, Milada ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Vaňásek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
The impact was assessed of clinical and nutritional factors on prognosis of 107 oesophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) and surgery. Individualised nutritional support, according to grade of dysphagia was carried out in all the patients. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptors (SLR), TNF, IGF and fatty acid (FA) profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) were studied as well. Addition of paclitaxel to carboplatin and continual fluorouracil significantly increased toxicity without influencing efficacy of the treatment. Post-operative node negativity, grade of dysphagia, weight loss and serum albumin were proved to be prognostic factors of survival and time to progression. CHRT led to decrease of SLR, palmitoleic and oleic acid and increase of n-3 polyunsaturated FA in PC. Lower concentrations of SLR were associated with improved survival of the patients. Key words: oesophageal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, weight loss, paclitaxel, albumin, soluble leptin receptor, fatty acids
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Masquerade scenes in the eighteent century women's writing
Kazdová, Linda ; Nováková, Soňa (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee)
Conclusion. The objective of this work was to concentrate on eighteenth century female authors. Simultaneously popular and severely criticised during their time, the playwrights, short fiction writers and novelists succeeded in the establishing of the tradition of women's writing and established the foundations for the following generations. Nevertheless, they have usually been omitted from the canon. Only in the recent decades, with the increasing interest in the literary margins and gaps, have they been 'resurrected' and, to some extent, done justice to. This paper in particular focuses on the talented playwright Hannah Cowley, the prolific and versatile, mostly prose-writer and journalist Eliza Haywood and the renowned critic and a novelist Elisabeth Inchbald and their works. All the three women authors can be said to be innovative and original. They overcame the obstacles of social prejudice and left a rich textual legacy to their adherents. In particular, the paper attempted to analyse the masquerade scenes in Cowley's The Belle's Stratagem, Haywood's Masqueraders, or the Fateful Curiosity and Inchbald's Simple Story to attest to the importance of the masquerade and to register its varied textual reflections. The masquerade as a social practice and a cultural event was highly fashionable in the...
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The significance of the analysis of noncholesterol sterols and profile of fatty acids in various pathophysiological states
Vecka, Marek ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Zadák, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
At present time, there is growing interest in two classes of lipids - sterols and fatty acids, which posses many different roles in living organisms. The concentrations of cholesterol biosynthetic precursors (lathosterol, desmosterol) reflect level of cholesterol biosynthesis, whereas the plasma phytosterol (campesterol, β-sitosterol) concentrations can be used for estimation of fractional absorption of dietary cholesterol. These groups are sometimes called together as noncholesterol sterols. The dissertation thesis dealt with the significance of analysis of noncholesterol sterols and fatty acid profile in various pathophysiological states. The methodology part of the thesis covered some aspects of analysis of these compounds with capillary gas chromatography. We found that for the minor fatty acid analysis, both the type of the column and the software used play an important role. The gas chromatography step contributes by the least part to the total error of the procedure, whereas the effect of other steps (extraction, thin-layer chromatography and methylation process) is more pronounced. The comparison of fatty acid profiles in lipoprotein particles with low and very low density revealed differences, but these differences were highly interindividual. We also found that it is possible to replace the...
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Role of adipose tissue in the ethiopatogenesis of insulin resistance
Polák, Jan ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hainer, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rossmeisl, Martin (referee)
Adipose tissue is involved in etiopathogenesis of insulin resistance and subsequent metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Mechanisms responsible for this association are investigated vigorously. One of the well accepted mechanisms linking excessive accummulation of adipose tissue with a development of insulin resistance are free fatty acids, which are released into circulation after hydrolysis of triglycerides stored in adipose tissue in a process of lipolysis. Impairments in a regulation of lipolysis are described in obese patients and lead to increased plasma level of free fatty acids and to impaired mobilisation of energy stores during exercise. In this PhD thesis, regulation of lipolysis in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissuewas investigated using microdialysis technique. In the first paper we have observed that dysregulation in catecholamine-induced lipolysis and impaired insulin action in adipose tissue can be improved by dynamic-strength training in obese men. In the second study, we have demonstrated significant involvement of newly discovered lipolytic pathway mediated by atrial natriuretic peptide in lipolysis stimulation during exercise. Adipose tissue is producing several protein substances with regulatory and endocrine functions collectively named...
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Molecular adaptations of adipose tissue in relation to dietary treatment of obesity in human
Tencerová, Michaela ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee)
The general goal of this work was to investigate the molecular adaptations of human AT in relation to DIs with respect to its secretory activity as well as cellular composition focused on macrophages population. Specifically, we studied the role of novel adipokines, such as visfatin and RBP4, related to insulin resistance and AT metabolism. Furthermore, we wanted to characterize the effect of the dietary-induced changes on the content of ATM together with metabolic amelioration. In our studies, we found that lifestyle modifications had a beneficial effect on metabolic and biochemical parameters depending on the duration and type of DI. Regarding both of the investigated adipokines, visfatin and RBP4, we revealed modifications at the transcriptional and cirulating levels during DI. However, we did not find any association with the pattern of evolution of insulin resistance. Our findings do not support a clear hypothesis on the role of these adipokines in the diet-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity and other obesity-related metabolic disturbances. In respect to the changes of ATM content during long-term DI, we demonstrated using flow cytometry that the AT composition was changed at the end of the whole dietary intervention (i.e. after WM phase). This diet-induced AT remodelling was expressed by a...
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Use of Interactive Board in Education by Students with Special Educational Needs
KAZDOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor´ s thesis addresses the issue of education of students with specific learning disorders using interactive whiteboard. The first part of this work describes principles, objectives and organization of special education/training. The second part is focused on the definition of mental retardation and describes specific and hyperkinetic learning disorders. The third part of the thesis covers the specifics of interactive whiteboard including the interactive learning systems. The fourth part is dedicated to principles of creation of tutorial presentation, organizational forms, teaching resources and methods. The main part of the work concentrates on the description of creation of presentations created in Smart Notebook designed for interactive whiteboards, and also on verification of effectiveness of created presentations using the questionnaire survey.
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