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Sleep disorders and changes of some CSF markers.
Komrsková, Jitka ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Sleep disorders are generally classified into one of three categories: a lack of sleep (e.g., insomnia) disturbed sleep (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea) excessive sleep (e.g., narcolepsy) Two basic phases, their stages and methods of evaluation of sleep quality are firstly described. A complete overview about sleep disorders and some markers of them is then given.
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Protein and amino acid metabolism in protein catabolic states - effect of leucine metabolites
Kovařík, Miroslav ; Holeček, Milan (advisor) ; Farghali, Hassan (referee) ; Hlúbik, Pavol (referee)
Protein catabolism and muscle wasting are basic features characterizing the complex metabolic syndrome, called cachexia, which is a severe complication of many diseases, in whose pathogenesis are often participant the systemic inflammatory response and endotoxemia. Branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) are not only an important substrate for protein synthesis, but they are also involved in the regulation of protein metabolism, insulin synthesis and secretion, and serve as the source of amino group in the alanine and glutamine formation in the muscle. Not only leucine but also some of its metabolites, - ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) and -hydroxy--methylbutyrate (HMB), have protein anabolic activity and thus some of leucine effects could be induced by these metabolites. In the last years there is paid attention to the HMB, which is used as a supplement for athletes and tested for its potential use in cachexia treatment. The aim of our experiments was to study: 1) endotoxin-induced effect on metabolism of proteins and amino acids in different types of skeletal muscle and the dose dependence of these changes; 2) effects of selected leucine metabolites (KIC and HMB) on the metabolism of proteins and amino acids - in different types of skeletal muscle; under in vivo and in vitro...
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Drug-drug interactions (DDI) and pharmacodynamic effects of metformin
Hakeem-Habeeb, Babalola ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Babalola Hakeem-Habeeb Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek Ph.D. Drug-drug interactions (DDI) and pharmacodynamic effects of metformin Metformin is a widely used medication in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and is being increasingly used in the treatment of other conditions. Metformin is concidered the 1st line treatment in type 2 diabetes due to its effectiveness, minimal drug-drug interactions and rare self limiting side effects. Metformins full mechanism of action is still unknown. The molecular mechanism of metformin action has been proposed in the liver related to AMPK activation and up- regulation of SHP. SHP suppresses functions of several nuclear receptors and transcriptional factors involved in the regulation of hepatic metabolism including PXR, which is a major regulator of drug/xenobiotic metabolism. Therefore it was hypothesized that SHP is an important link between hepatic drug/xenobiotic metabolism regulated by nuclear receptors such as PXR and intermediary metabolism controlled by AMPK pathway. In the diploma thesis we summarize the recent finding regarded the proposed mechanism of metformin action and its putative role on PXR in regulation of cytochrome P450...
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The newest data from the research literature about estrogen and progesterone receptors in the uterus cancer
Ježková, Alena ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Doležel, Martin (referee)
We take up previous thesis of place of supervizor workplace, which are targeted on ER, PR expresion in uterus carcinomas and their potencional practical exploitation by this thesis. We have limited this broad issue for only endometrial carcinomas, because the cervix ones are tackled in a thesis of Lenka Nespěchalová. We have searched out information from abroad and Czech literatures to upgrade previous review thesis of the supervizor workplace. Unfortunately the Czech literature doesn't dispose of so much clinical studies as foreign ones. We have observed tendency of Czech work places to publish the studies on the strength of foreign experiences. We have take up especially Marešková B. thesis, 2008 by this our one. We have brought out the same data of our issue as Marešková. It's important not only to established total levels of steroid receptors, but as well as rates of individual isoforms PRA/PRB and ERα/ERβ. Generally, progesterons are noted for their protective antiproliferative effect in endometrium, in detail the transcriptional repression is mediated by PRA isoform. On the contrary, PRB isoform activates the transcription of ERα, which causes the increased proliferation. Exactly PRB is supposed to be significant factor for progestin treatment. On the contrary, ERβ disposes antiproliferative...
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The use of comet assay for the estimation of DNA damage during the anticancer chemotherapy.
Voříšková, Jana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
We have monitored the DNA damage induced by tumor chemotherapy. The combination of platin derivate (cis-platine or carboplatin) and another chemotherapy agent (gemcitabin, paclitaxel or vinorelbin) was applied to patients with lung carcinoma. The whole chemotherapy includes 4 cycles. We have monitored the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes through the first and the third cycle of chemotherapy and 3 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy. For detection we have used comet assay which seems to be accurate and reliable method. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood through the medium LSM lymfocyte and then were processed by the alkaline version of the single cell gel electrophoresis. We have analysed single strand breaks (SSB) and interstrand cross links (ICL). For the measurement of ICL isolated lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of 200 µM of styrene oxide (SO) to degrade the DNA by inducing strand breaks. Incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with 200 µM SO leads to the formation of comets. If ICLs are present in the DNA, the alkaline unwinding of DNA is blocked and the % of DNA in tail is reduced. Comets were stained with ethidium bromide and then analyzed by the software LUCIA Comet Assay. The damage of DNA caused by SSB before the chemotherapy was relatively low and...
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Association of nutrition substrate utilization and predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD
Poláková, Terezie ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Mgr. Terezie Poláková Supervisor of rigorous thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Association of nutrition substrate utilization and predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not only the respiratory system disease, but it influences total state of health of the patient. Mainly, there are changes of nutrition metabolism in its serious consequences, which could be dangerous for the patient. The typically problem of patients with COPD is loss of the muscle mass. The main aim of this study was searching for associations between the nutrition substrates utilization and indices, which are used for prediction of morbidity and mortality in COPD patients. We compared 51 patients in all stages of COPD (38 males and 13 females, mean age 67 ± 7 years) with control group of healthy volunteers (4 males and 5 females, mean age 62 ± 4 years). Measurements were carried out on an outpatient basis by using the indirect calorimetry and determining the amount of urea in urine. Statistically significant differences between utilization of substrates we evaluated only in relative utilization of proteins in...
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Coilgun
Kovařík, Martin ; Pavlík, Michal (referee) ; Šteffan, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis describes the design and construction of electromagnetic gun for testing projectiles from different ferromagnetic materials with maximal power 19 J. Conventional projectile propulsion mechanisms include the use of compressed air or explosion which places theoretical limits on the maximum muzzle velocity limited by laws of thermodynamics. The electromagnetic coil gun, explores the use of electromagnetism in accelerating projectiles which offers a much higher theoretical limit on muzzle velocity. In addition of an electromagnetic acceleration is possible to regulate output velocity/energy of projectile, and acceleration applied on projectile.
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Voltage transformer
Kovařík, Martin ; Huzlík, Rostislav (referee) ; Ondrůšek, Čestmír (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis focuses on the elements of equivalent circuit parameters of voltage instrument transformer TJC 7-G from the portfolio of ABB. Main focus is placed on correct identification of the leakage reactance of primary and secondary winding, which are used for correct settlement of protections. The measurement is done by using methods of measurement of transformer without load and with short circuited secondary terminal. The values are measured for different frequency levels, in order to determine precisely all the parameters. The theoretical part describes the use of instrument transformers, theoretical creation of equivalent circuit and parameters which affects the accuracy class. The conclusion contains the evaluation of different methods for determining the elements of the equivalent circuit and with its final assembly.
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