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Ex-prisoners and the Labour Market in the Czech Republic
Kantová, Klára ; Špolcová, Dominika (advisor) ; Mysíková, Martina (referee)
Unemployment rate is a key macroeconomic indicator of a state's prosperity. This study aims to investigate the effect of ex-prisoners on unemployment rate at times of low rate of unemployment. The subjects of interest are those released from prison upon serving their sentence and their integration into the labour market. Currently, formerly incarcerated individuals are often socially rejected and discriminated by the public, which usually results in their return to prison. Thus, as a means to prevent recidivism, it is important to reintegrate them back into the society. In this vein, this study also examines the effect of unemployment rates and ex-prisoners on the recidivism rate in the Czech Republic in 1992 to 2018. For the 2014 to 2018 period, it further investigates this effect (i.e. of unemployment rates and ex-prisoners on recidivism rates) by month across 13 regions (there is no prison in the Zlín region). It uses the data provided by the Prison Services Yearbooks, as well as data from the Czech Statistical Office and the Integrated Portal of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs for information specifically regarding the main macroeconomic indicators of the Czech Republic. The results of the various models run indicate no significant effect of released prisoners on unemployment rate....
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Gender paradox of job satisfaction in the Czech Republic in European comparison
Sosnová, Kristýna ; Mysíková, Martina (advisor) ; Malovaná, Simona (referee)
The gender job satisfaction paradox is a phenomenon occurring when despite their disadvantaged labour market position, women consistently report higher levels of job satisfaction than men. This thesis aims to verify the presence of a gender paradox of job satisfaction, analyze the labor conditions and job per- ceptions of workers in the Czech Republic to provide employers a sense of job aspects making male and female workers more productive, motivated and satis- fied. The study uses sub-sample of employees from International Social Survey Programme data from 2015. The study applies four regression models to reveal the relationship between job satisfaction and gender, other socio-demographic factors and various work aspects. The outcomes revealed some significant dif- ferences between males and females, specifically discrimination based on sex or disadvantage of women regarding income and access to leading positions. De- spite the theory of gender paradox, predicting women to be more satisfied at work than men, the analysis showed the opposite. This study discovered, that the most relevant aspects of work, that affect the overall job satisfaction are relations with co-workers and management, interesting job, independence at work and specifically for men having subordinate(s), working on weekends,...
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Women's position in the labor market
Mysíková, Martina ; Erbenová, Michaela (advisor)
Problems of women labor market is currently one of the most discussed issues. The member states of the European Union are supposed to perform an effort to increase female employment rate for which, namely the support of women's participation, is needed. In this study, I investigate the impact of the two policy means, which negatively influence the labor supply of women in the Czech Republic. First, joint taxation of spouses was enabled. The marginal tax-rate of women increases very often; women might therefore lower their labor supply. Second, the system of the parental leave influences the female participation. The current Czech system can create significant barrier to women in entry and return to the labor market. Therefore, it leads to an excessive loss of the women human capital. Better accessibility of part time jobs could ease the re-entry of women to the labor market. However, part-time work is also connected to various negative factors, especially the lower wages. The last part of my thesis analyzes the wage gap between the men and women. The decrease of the gender pay gap does not mean that the position of women has improved because it can be caused by participation lowering of women with potentially low wage. The pay gap consists of several components which stem not only from discrimination but...
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How Egalitarian are we? Earnings, income and household conditions in Czechia in comparison with Europe
Večerník, Jiří ; Mysíková, Martina
The study brings a comprehensive view of population’s earnings, household incomes, redistribution flows, household budgets and wealth, both in terms of development in the Czech Republic and compared to European countries. It also deals with perceived economic inequality and middle-class identity. It uses a wide range of statistical and sociological data, partly from European and world databases, and partly from own calculations based on individual data of comparative surveys. Data are presented mainly in charts showing the position of the Czech Republic on European ladder. The results question the general belief about extraordinary equality in our country and specific Czech egalitarianism. The Czech society is no longer equalized in earnings, or in the situation of households. It does not even appear to be exceptionally egalitarian in different attitudes.
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Three Comparative Essays on Gender Earnings Inequality in the Czech Republic
Mysíková, Martina ; Flek, Vladislav (advisor) ; Schneider, Ondřej (referee) ; Večerník, Jiří (referee) ; Podpiera, Jiří (referee)
This thesis adopts three stepwise perspectives to look at earnings inequality. It applies Czech data from two surveys, Microcensus and Living Conditions, covering the period 1988-2008, and European dataset EU-SILC 2008 and 2009 for international comparisons. The first essay "Personal Earnings Inequality" analyzes personal earnings distribution in the Czech Republic since the early transition from communism, using relative distribution method. The trend of "hollowing of the middle" was confirmed in the early transition, but this phenomenon later subsided. Earnings polarization was apparent for all sex and education subgroups between 1988 and 1996. In international comparison, earnings of men and highly educated are more homogenous than earnings of their counterparts in most analyzed countries. The second essay "Gender Wage Gap" quantifies the structure of gender wage gaps in four Central-East European countries (CEE), using the Heckman regression model and Oaxaca- Blinder decomposition. The observed gender wage gap is substantially higher in the Czech Republic and Slovakia than in Hungary and Poland. A relatively small but positive part of the observed gender wage gap can be explained by gender differences in characteristics in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, with a high contribution of job...
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The European Social Models
Wolfová, Veronika ; Mysíková, Martina (advisor) ; Vančura, Matěj (referee)
This bachelor thesis studies social policies across Europe and models that can be detected among social security systems. Analysis of models is based on earlier studies that had examined the EU member states before the states of Eastern Europe joined in 2004. In this thesis the author extended the theory to examine current situation, when the European Union comprises 27 members. With an emphasis on social policy, social models are set in the context of strategies that the European Commission issued as incentives for social reform. Part of this work is the evaluation of social models and their possible convergence to the European social model.
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Flexicurity on the Czech Labour Market: An Application in European Context
Matoušek, Jindřich ; Mysíková, Martina (advisor) ; Šolc, Jan (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut ekonomických studií Jindřich Matoušek Flexicurity on the Czech Labour Market: An Application in European Context Abstract of Bachelor Thesis Praha 2011 Abstract During the course of my bachelor thesis, I deal with a concept of flexicurity in the Czech Republic. The concept merges two apparently opposite components of labour market, i.e. flexibility and security. Furthermore, this approach has been spontaneously developed in Denmark and the Netherlands and became an inherent part of socio-legal labour market policies promoted by European Union at the beginning of the twentieth century. First part of this paper reviews a situation of both components of flexicurity in the Czech Republic at the time when this thesis is formed. It describes the evolution of unemployment as well as the degree of flexibility and security on the Czech labour market and compares them with current situation in the rest of European states. Second part analyses flexible forms of employment in the Czech Republic, such as part-time jobs and its microeconomic implications. In the final section, I focus on the evaluation of elements which affected the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2008. Title: Flexicurity on the Czech Labour Market: An Application in European...
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Poverty in the Czech Republic: A Critical look at EU Indicators
Večerník, Jiří ; Mysíková, Martina
National and cross-national data from EU-SILC surveys are used for various comparisons: of different indicators of poverty; of this data source with administrative data; of the time of remaining in poverty according to various indicators; of the situation in the Czech Republic with EU countries. The advantages of the “subjective” poverty indicator based on reporting on make ends meet are stressed.
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Poverty in the Czech Republic: A Critical Look at EU Indicators
Večerník, Jiří ; Mysíková, Martina
National and cross-national data from EU-SILC surveys are used for various comparisons: of different indicators of poverty; of this data source with administrative data; of the time of remaining in poverty according to various indicators; of the situation in the Czech Republic with EU countries. The advantages of the “subjective” poverty indicator based on reporting on make ends meet are stressed.
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