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Organization of judiciaryand prosecution between 1918 and 1938
Procházka, Jakub ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee) ; Kindl, Vladimír (advisor)
Conclusion Reception and adoption of the Austria-Hungary legal order was agreed on by the politicians of the newly formed Czechoslovakia, which meant that the legal system of its state predecessor was used. The important reason for adopting this procedure and not forming a brand new legal order from the start was ensuring legal continuity, which was essential for the new state. The process could not take several years, but the system had to operate and come into force almost immediately. Only subsequently new legal regulations were to be formed and added to the adopted legal system and these regulations were supposed to reflect the situation in the state and society. After formation of the new state, it was necessary to immediately deal with the situations, which were created by adopting certain legal regulations, in which some institutions were mentioned, but these did not exist yet in the newly formed state. It concerned mainly the Supreme Court, which was established by the law 5/1918 Col. and Supreme Administrative Court established by the law 3/1918 Col. Adoption of the legal order was accompanied by adoption of the judiciary system, which smoothly followed the former organisation of the system of courts and continued with its work. The basic of the system remained District Courts, which were...
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Legal regulation of ownership rights in Czechoslovakia in 1945-1989
Hrabcová, Alena ; Kuklík, Jan (referee) ; Soukup, Ladislav (advisor)
117 8 LEGAL ADJUSTMENT OF RELATED OWNERSHIP IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA FROM 1945 UNTIL 1989 During our lifetime we all encounter the question of Personal Ownership. It's implication on the lives of individuals as well as on the society as a whole is often quite profound. The turbulent history of the Czech lands has had a major impact on the developement of the civil law and within it's framework on the Law of Ownership. The pupose of my thesis is to research and analyse these dramatic changes and modifications within the judicial system in Czechoslovakia during the communist era between the years 1945 and 1989. In particular I shall focus on how the comunist regime adapted and eventually changed the Property Law and within it the Law of Personal Ownership in order to suit the new political ideology. This was a greatly complicated period, full of changes which were reflected in many new legal rules and regulations. I would like to concentrate on those which in my view were most significant and most important. I shall also explore the historical, political and economical circumstances during which these changes occured. I shall aim to examin and to investigate how some of the constitutional and legal changes happened and why this finally led to almost total disregard of the citizen's rights to private ownership. By...
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Nationalisation and confiscation in 1945-1948 - activities of extraordinary people's courts in individual regions
Filarová, Petra ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee) ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor)
Závěr I po více než šedesáti letech od konce druhé světové války jsou důsledky dekretální normotvorby v Československu nejen předmětem diskuzí historiků, ale v důsledku restitučních opatření a nároků se staly problematikou současného platného práva a také politiky. Největší spory o platnost se týkají hlavně těch dekretů, které zasáhly do vlastnických vztahů.K zániku vlastnických práv určitých osob a ke vzniku vlastnického práva jiného subjektu došlo například na základě dekretu č. 12/1945 Sb. o konfiskaci a urychleném rozdělení zemědělského majetku Němců, Maďarů, jakož i zrádců a nepřátel českého a slovenského národa a dekretu č. 108/1945 Sb. o konfiskaci nepřátelského majetku a Fondech národní obnovy.Proměny vlastnických vztahů se uskutečnily také dekrety č. 100-103/1945 Sb., na jejichž základě byla provedena první etapa znárodnění.Nutno zde podotknout, že tyto akty byly vydány formou právního předpisu s mocí zákona. Všechny výše zmiňované dekrety podléhaly dodatečnému schválení, ratihabici, která byla provedena zákonem 57/1946 Sb.Jejím uskutečněním bylo stanoveno, že všechny dekrety je třeba považovat za zákon a ústavní dekrety za ústavní zákon.Dekrety tak tvoří nedílnou součást českého právního řádu a v české právní soustavě zaujímají stejné místo jako předválečné ale i poválečné právní předpisy. Z výše...
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Legal regulation of black market prosecution in ČSR
Malý, Petr ; Adamová, Karolina (referee) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
Resumé The notion of the black market is most often used as a general expression for various types of offences which are mainly committed in the time of political instability of the state and its economy and a lot of negative consequences are connected with this situation. War conflicts and huge economical crises could be considered as very typical originators of breakthrough moments. After their appearance there is very often a violation of the state economics and economic system as a whole. And by influence of the factors described earlier there are many consequences like the production is being successively limited, the distribution is being endangered or the obstruction of moving the goods to its final consumer comes into consideration. Therefore the population loses its trouble free access for commodities and products which are necessary for satisfying their needs. In a reaction of incurred deficit the individual customers are capable to pay higher prices for goods which are not worth it and which would normally have distinctively lower value. Such artificially increased demand can in a very short period of time influence very intensively the offer in the market which then repeatedly reacts by constant raising up the price till the point when the demanded price crosses the commonly demanded one. Higher...
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Legal status of Jews under the rule of Marie Therese and Joseph II
Javůrková, Johana ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
67 Resumé The legal statute of the Jews in the time of the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the legal statute of Jewish minority in the Czech lands in the time of the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. Main concentration is thus focused upon the second half of the 18th century. The reason for my research is to try to understand the background of their long lasting bad treatment during previous centuries and its changes in the upcoming time of the Enlightenment. The thesis is composed of three chapters, each of them dealing with different historical background and timeline. Chapter One is introductory and describes the long way of the Jews from the origin of Jewish nation in the Middle East, followed by the beginning of jewish diaspora and its european history until the French Revolution. Chapter Two describes the legal history of the Jews settled in the Czech lands since their beginning in the 10th century until the introduction of the infamous restrictive so called Familiants laws in 1726. Chapter Three deals directly with the main topic, the legal statute of the Jews in the Czech lands in the time of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. It consists of two main parts. First is dedicated to the time of the reign of Maria Theresa and her well known decision about the...
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