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Changes in the development of forest and non-forest woody vegetation at the landscape level - case study (the former estate of Decin)
Čermáková, Eva ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
This masters thesis deals with the longterm changes of forest and nonforest woody vegetation in the area of the former Děčín estate. For my analysis I have used the avalaible historical maps and modern ortophotographs, which I have processed using the ArcGIS software.
While many places of the Earth are going through deforesation, on the other hand in Europe there is a significant rise in the area covered by woodlands. I have come to the same results in my thesis, in which at the studied site, in which there was an expansion of forest woody vegetation between the years 1953 and 2015. While when comparing the map of The Stabile cadaster and an aerial image from 1953 there was a decrease of forest woody vegetation. These results pary correlate with the demographic development of the Děčín district as well as general political and economic development of the area in the analyzed time period. The results are compared to similar avalaible studies, on the base of which it seems that the resukts of this study are not a unique trend.
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Temporal and spatial changes of woody vegetation at the landscape - case study (former Vrchlabi estate)
Juřičková, Beata ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Keken, Zdeněk (referee)
This dissertation deals with a temporal and spatial changes of woody vegetation at the landscape in West Bohemia. The case study helps to recognise a historical development of the landscape and focuses on landscape elements of forest and non-forest woody vegetation.
Focused area was determined by borders of former Vrchlabi manor and based on historical documents. The chosen area partly belongs to zone 1, 2 and 3 of Krkonose National Park.
Forest and non-forest woody vegetation was compared from different sources- a map of Imperial imprints of the stable Cadastre from 1843, an aerial images from 1950 and an orthophoto images from 2014 - using ArcGIS software. Woody vegetation was divided into forest category and other three non-forest woody category- draws, acompanying woody vegetation and line.
The results have shown that the most consistent category has always been the forest, spreading on 42,25% of the area in last 171 years. The non-forest woody vegetation was developing erratically and was covering the largest area of 335,21 ha in 1950. Data analysis have shown that each period of forest and non-forest woody vegetation has its own specific trends.
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Change trajectories of wood pastures using landscape metrics (Hradec Kralove Region)
Zemanová, Martina ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
This work is focused on wood-pastures and their change trajectory and evolution since 1845 to present time. Research was conducted in selected cadastral areas in region Hradec Králové. In the intoduction of the work are defined pastures, wood-pastures and benefits of this active management. It focuses on changes in land-covers in places of historic pastures, their extinction, creation and continuous exsistence. The main sources of informations are historical maps and the field research.
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Change trajectories of wetlands in the landscape of lowlands and uplands in the Czech Republic
Richter, Pavel ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Dagmar, Dagmar (referee)
Wetland habitats are of great multifunctional importance in landscape. In particular, they have the capacity to retain water during its surplus and then in the dry season to release the water. In this work the dynamics of change in wetlands coverage was analyzed, including the representation structure of different categories of wetlands over the past 180 years in the landscape of lowlands and uplands in the Czech Republic. The historical maps of Stable Cadastre, current orthophoto and current GIS layers of localization and classification of different types of land use/cover and landscape types were used as data sources. The area of wetlands has dramatically decreased from 5 762 hectares in the period 1825-1843 (more than 9.5 % of the area) to 54 hectares in 2014 (0.9 %). Based on the study of available documents three types of wetland habitats were classified: wet meadows, wet meadows with trees and swamps . Although, the most of the historic wetlands were constituted of wet meadows (89 %) these days the swamps (48 %) form the largest part of the wetlands. Half of the historic wetlands were transformed to arable land because of increasing production of agriculture. According to the evaluation of monitored changes by predictors it was found that more pressure on the degradation of wetlands was in the areas with more suitable climatic conditions for agriculture (e.g. The Danube basin, Moravia, soil types in the lowlands, Corn agricultural production area etc.). In these areas the swamps were formed as new wetlands in places of historical watercourses localization more significantly than elsewhere in monitored area. The aim of this work was also to describe the main driving forces and pressures that have influenced the changes in wetlands. The outcome of the paper can be used in landscape planning with regard to the protection and management of wetlands.
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Integrative landscape assessment
Sedmidubský, Tomáš ; Martiš, Miroslav (advisor) ; Skaloš, Jan (referee)
The ability of landscape to provide services assisting mankind and to directly or indirectly promote it, has witnessed a dramatic decline due to an intensive anthropogenic use of landscape. The interference with the functionality of landscape notwithstanding the measures aimed at protecting landscape and its elements constitutes a response to the economic development and strive for economic profits. The economic development causes (monetarily) 3 calculable damages which are not included in economic balances and decisions concerning activities carried out in landscape. This doctoral thesis aims at contributing to the solution of this issue by developing and testing an integrative assessment method which integrates a complex of circumstances as a starting point for evaluating landscape in terms of its environmental quality.
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Landscape memory in local memory - Borová district
Jirková, Lucie ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Bachelor thesis compares the actual change of landscape, shown on different historical and present maps, to local residents perception of those changes. The bachelor thesis focuses on local residents, who remember the period of collectivization and normalization. This thesis is focused mostly on changes between 1953 and 2014, in which ortophotomaps, that show the actual state the best, were made. Sources, used in this work, were map of stable cadastre, ortophotomaps, chronicles, paintings, photographs, data for GIS from LUCC Czechia database and interviews with residents.
Interviews with local residents were performed during the period of December 2015 to February 2016. Those interviews were semi-structured and were focused on the period of the 30s, 40s and 50s of the 20th century, which is the period of biggest changes in the landscape structure.
Information from those interviews were compared to information from Stable cadastre map and ortophotomaps from years 1953 and 2014, which show the real state the best.
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Landscape memory in the memory of its inhabitants - Hostavice district.
Tančevová, Laura ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
This bachelor thesis attempts to create the most detailed summary of changes in the landscape for the past 175 years of Hostavice which is located in the eastern suburbs of Prague. The primary purpose of this study is to compare changes in terms of maps and from the perspective of original residentst, and provide an overview about the cadastral area from different perspectives. One of the ways to get to the main goal of this research work is to analyze the trends of most signficant changes in the land use of a small cadastral territory called Hostavice. This will be done primarily by reviewing historical maps, statistics, chronicles and others. Based on results of this analysis, another objective is to conduct semistructured interviews with the original residents of this cadastral territory to find out their recollections of as well as opinions on these changes. There is also more specific study of characteristic of the area. The work will contribute its share to the overall processing memory of the landscape in the memory of people.
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Zajištění realizace Evropské úmluvy o krajině v další činnosti MŽP
Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Ústav aplikované ekologie, Kostelec nad Černými lesy ; Löw & spol., s.r.o., Brno ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Zetsch, Susanne ; Zdražil, Vladimír ; Skaloš, Jan ; Mlčoch, Svatomír ; Martiš, Miroslav ; Löw, Jiří ; Kosíková šulcová, Simona ; Kažmierski, Tomáš ; Dostálek, Jiří ; Novotná, Gražyna ; Hendrych, Jan ; Houdek, Karel ; Dienstbier, Filip ; Weber, Martin
Cílem řešení projektu je vytvořit podmínky pro implementaci Evropské úmluvy o krajině do českého právního, správního a hospodářského prostředí, především pak s důrazem na harmonizaci přístupu MŽP při nakládání s krajinou v souladu s principy této úmluvy. Předložená práce shrnuje postup a výsledky dosažené v průběhu druhého roku řešení projektu. V souladu se schváleným Dodatkem č.1. smlouvy o řešení projektu jsou do práce zahrnuty dva výstupy: Koncept návrhu zásad a strategie přístupu k naplňování Evropské úmluvy o krajině v podmínkách ČR a vymezení nástrojů k zajištění navržené strategie a Koncept návrhu přístupu ke klíčovým principům Evropské úmluvy o krajině v podmínkách ČR v rozsahu smlouvou vymezených problémových bloků (bloky č.1-7 celkové struktury návrhu řešení projektu rozpracované dle časového harmonogramu). Přílohy jsou pouze v elektronické podobě na CD-ROM.
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Zajištění realizace Evropské úmluvy o krajině v další činnosti MŽP
Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Ústav aplikované ekologie, Kostelec nad Černými lesy ; Löw & spol., s.r.o., Brno ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Zetsch, Susanne ; Zdražil, Vladimír ; Skaloš, Jan ; Mlčoch, Svatomír ; Martiš, Miroslav ; Löw, Jiří ; Kosíková šulcová, Simona ; Kažmierski, Tomáš ; Dostálek, Jiří ; Novotná, Gražyna ; Hendrych, Jan ; Houdek, Karel ; Weber, Martin
Cílem řešení projektu je vytvořit podmínky pro implementaci Evropské úmluvy o krajině do českého právního, správního a hospodářského prostředí, především pak s důrazem na harmonizaci přístupu MŽP při nakládání s krajinou v souladu s principy této úmluvy. Práce shrnuje postup a výsledky dosažené v průběhu tříletého řešení projektu. Krátce je představena historie vzniku a průběh ratifikace Evropské úmluvy o krajině a posouzení přesnosti překladu hlavních pojmů. Hlavní část práce tvoří návrh Strategie odpovědnosti za českou krajinu minulosti, dneška a budoucnosti - návrh zásad a strategie přístupu k naplňování úmluvy v podmínkách ČR a vymezení nástrojů k zajištění navržené strategie. Rozpracován je přístup ke klíčovým principům implementace úmluvy. Práce je doplněna přílohovou částí na CD-ROM.
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Studium a ochrana dřevin: Dřeviny v krajinářských programech
Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Tichý, Pavel ; Petruš, Josef ; Matula, Svatopluk ; Koželuhová, Kamila ; Frantík, Tomáš ; Weber, Martin ; Skaloš, Jan ; Petříček, Václav ; Hrubá, Tereza ; Hošek, Michael ; Hofmeistrová, Hana ; Dostálek, Jiří
Cílem úkolu je shrnout informace o našich domácích dřevinách, které jsou využitelné k výsadbám v rámci krajinářských programů. Přehled biologických charakteristik našich domácích dřevin. Výběr domácích druhů dřevin pro výsadbu v zemědělské krajině. Oblasti zdrojů a využití výsadbového materiálu našich domácích dřevin. Podpora realizace modelových výsadeb dřevin ve vybraných částech lokálního biokoridoru ÚSES Valová. Monitoring výsadeb dřevin a péče o ně z hlediska ochrany přírody a krajiny.
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