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Ethics of Postmodern Subject and Relation of Self to Itself
Homola, Matouš ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Charvát, Martin (referee)
This thesis is focused on ethics and subject in postmodernism and poststructuralism. The thesis contains methods of analysis, interpretation and comparison. These methods are primarily focused on French authors of the second half of the 20th century. In the text, there are answered questions like: "How society, knowledge and thiking of certain period affected the freedom of human being? What mechanisms exist in the language function structures that affect human way of thinking? What are the possibilities for individuals, to emancipate against the influence of powerfull government institutions and their strategies?" The aim of the thesis is to make an ethics rules that will be taken like an alternative to the codified normative morality. It shows the differences between modern universalism and posmodern pluralism. The dualism is interpreted primarily in the way of thinking of J.-F. Lyotard. There is also interpretation of dualism throught Deleuze and Guattari philosophy that is formulated due to theory of arborescent and rhizomatic structures. Most of the thesis is based on Michel Foucault's phylosophy of normalization and disciplining of a subject and authoritatively established ethics. The main topic of this thesis is Foucault's ethics based on the relationship of self to itselfs. This self-reflexive...
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The role of the body in acquiring skills
Adámková, Anna ; Ivan, Michal (advisor) ; Charvát, Martin (referee)
The main topic of the master thesis is the exploration of a process of learning and acquitision of skills. In fact these processes are the important parts of a human life indeed. The issue of this topic is being considered through a different but certainly related topic - the rules and their function. The first part of this thesis consists of the analyses of several points of view on the topic of rules as a whole. The introduction of the thesis is supplemented with the theory of S. Blackmore speaking about the meaning of mems in our lifes. After the first part, where the work of J. Peregrin "A Man and rules" is analised, the other bigger charter begins with the analysis of M. Merleau-Ponty point of view on a human body and embodiment - the essence of a human being. In fact the studies of S. Curtiss and A. S. Benzaquen are the sources of the particular cases that are closely connected with the topic of the previous chapters of the thesis and that close the thesis.
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The Theme of Escape, Nomadism and Teritorialization in the Work of Gilles Deleuze and Michel Maffesoli
Bílková, Barbora ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the study of issues of escape, nomadism and territorialisation with regard to postmodern society. These concepts are explored on the basis of works by two French postmodern authors: Giles Deleuze and Michel Maffesoli. However, the analysis of seemingly similar ways of telling about these topics is to prove their considerable difference with respect to their understanding of life, world and society. In the theoretical part, the research focuses on Deleuz's concepts of becoming, multiplicity and division of space into smooth and grooved and Maffesoli's concepts of postmodern society associated with neotribalism, its desire to wander and dynamic rooting. The analytical part of the thesis is based on these concepts to interpret the documentary cycle "Kmeny", which relates to the topic of urban subculture within the Czech Republic.
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The form of frame in motion picture and animated cartoon movie
Ďurec, Peter ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Charvát, Martin (referee)
The thesis is aiming it's focus on various different forms of frame in motion picture and animated cartoon movie. When it comes to physics, animated cartoon movie can operate with completely new concept of media intended content, what opens endless amount of possible interpretations and feelings about the movie. Thesis takes film theory of G. Deleuze, with theories of H. Bergson, Jurij Lotman and with semiotics of drawing and photography (Barthes, Eco) as root theoretical background. The main aim of this work is to apply the film theory by Gilles Deleuze on animated movie.
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Body, Surveillance and Ethics
Charvát, Martin ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee) ; Strobachová, Ingrid (referee)
Body, Surveillance and Ethics PhD Thesis Mgr. Martin Charvát, Ph.D. Abstract The aim of my dissertation thesis is to analyze the dispositions of non-normative ethics as presented in works of M. Foucault, G. Deleuze and J. Derrida. My hypothesis is that non- normative ethics must be conceived as an interpretation and thematization of the meaning of the relationship between body, surveillance, event and experiment. What brings together Foucault, Deleuze and Derrida is the critique of externally constituted moral codes that are always creating a historically-economically-polico-socially determined subject, or certain norms of conduction and behaviour that are considered to be "good" or "right". However, the above-mentioned authors have based their conceptions on the belief that the human life should be characterized by freedom, or the potential of articulation of an individual (or his behaviour/action), regardless of external moral determinations. Foucault, Deleuze and Derrida distinguish the possibility of a constant crossing of given institutional and socially grounded constraints, with the goal of the constant shaping of ones live that would not be restricted by normative and prescriptive rules. The theme of freedom is given into context of the experimental self-formation that takes place at the moment of...
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Risks and limits of laparoscopy in the treatment of gynecological cancers
Charvát, Martin ; Robová, Helena (advisor) ; Kužel, David (referee) ; Mlynček, Miloš (referee)
The thesis evaluates the results of experimental protocol involving the fertility sparing treatment procedure in early stage cervical carcinoma (LAP I protocol). Sentinel lymph node detection and experimental extirpation of afferent channels using laparoscopy and its technical aspects were analysed in prospective group of 85 women. The oncologic results and early/late morbidity show that established surgical procedures can be considered safe with minimal morbidity, provided that the indication criteria are met. The second part analyses the results of 148 women with no further pregnancy plans suffering from cervical tumors less than 2 cm in size with invasion less than half of the stroma (LAP II protocol). The oncological results in our defined group are very good and comparable to 'standard' procedure of modified radical hysterectomy type B or C with lower morbidity. In the separate section the thesis analyses the possibilities of laparoscopy in endometrial cancer treatment including the potentials of use of sentinel lymph node detection and technical aspects of laparoscopy in obese women. Currently the biggest controversy is the use of laparoscopy in malignant ovarian tumors. Our oncogynaecological study group at FN Motol prefers the laparotomic approach and we chose to include the set of advanced...
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Deleuze's asignifying semiotics
Charvát, Martin ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Gvoždiak, Vít (referee) ; Michalovič, Peter (referee)
Mgr. Martin Charvát Deleuze's asignifying semiotics Disertační práce Abstract: In the thesis I am trying to prove that Gilles Deleuze's philosophy must be considered in respect of his analysis of sign. Deleuze's philosophy is thus inseparable from his semiotics which I would like to show on the figure of philosophy as symptomatology. If we understand sign as a symptom we are also standing on the semiotic level. Signs are expressions of ways of life, of our understanding of the world around us. The problem of Deleuze's semiotics (which is connected with the problem of expression) leads us to the problem of genesis. In this respect the genesis is united with the concept of pure difference. Key words: Deleuze, Gilles - signs - semiotics - genesis - difference
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Semiotic "ethnography" of Deleuze and Guattari and non-standard animism
Šír, David ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
The starting point of this work is the concept of indigenous animism in Félix Guattari's late work at the end of his life, understood as a form of subjectivity operating through different regimes of signs than the "modern" one. These animist semiotics are "polysemic" and "trans-individual," while instead of building a sharp division between the spheres of "nature" and "culture", they inhabit reality by "collective entities half-thing half-soul, half- man half-animal, machine and flow, matter and sign." The aim of most of the following text is then primarily to trace these semiotics across the joint work of Deleuze and Guattari. After introducing the context of Deleuze's philosophy and its specific "image of thought," and explaining its basic concepts, we will focus on the description and comparison of the semiotic "ethnographies" of Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus. The first volume traces the "universal history" of the ways of hominization (becoming human) of man from the state of nature, through various forms of inscription, which constitute society and culture. These modes are several and do not work only through language. In the limit experience of schizophrenia, the authors of Anti-Oedipa find a moment preceding all these historically contingent forms of hominization. In contrast, the...
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A Narrative Analysis of the "Ideal Woman" discourse in Vlasta Magazine
Maňhalová, Martina ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Češka, Jakub (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on a discursive object called "ideal woman ", which is constructed in the Vlasta magazine. It is a women's magazine suitable for middle - aged ladies. In this work, I will examine the discourse, which is based on an implicit critique of the masculine order of the world, but the discourse is paradoxically structured to covertly affirm this order. I will focus on naturalization strategies of how the discursive object of the "ideal woman" is presented to the reader as natural. The aim of the work is the analysis of media content using tools combining narrative theory and discursive analysis. Key words: Discourse, narration, ideal woman, magazine, stereotypes, Vlasta
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