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Interspecific hybridization between Pulsatilla pratensis and P. patens
Krejčová, Nikol ; Suda, Jan (advisor) ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis deals with interspecific hybridization in sympatric populations of Pulsatilla patens and P. pratensis. The key aim was to assess karyological and phenotypic variation in the study group. DNA flow cytometry revealed three non-overlapping groups of genome sizes, corresponding to P. patens, P. × hackelii and P. pratensis. The frequency of interspecific hybridization was low, accounting to approx. 3% of analyzed plants. Morphometric analyses identified a set a reliable species-specific characters, including number of divisions the leaf, length of petiole the part of leaf, number of smaller parts of leaf and colour of blossom. Although the majority of hybrid individuals flowered and set fruits, their fertility was reduced considerably. The threat from interspecific hybridization to parental species is therefore rather low.
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Car differentials
Sedláček, Petr ; Ramík, Pavel (referee) ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with differentials with emphasis on self-locking differentials. The first part deals with the transmission system, followed by a part introducing the issue of differentials, their distribution and description of individual structures. At the end of the work we find the solutions of self-locking differentials with focus on Torsen type differentials. The aim of the work was to create a comprehensive overview of differential issues.
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Car gearboxes
Charvát, Adam ; Ramík, Pavel (referee) ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the most common transmission types of passenger cars and their components with a focus on manual transmissions, automatic transmissions, dualclutch transmissions, continuously variable transmissions, and transmissions for electric and hybrid vehicles. The work deals with the construction, principle of operation and comparison of the properties of these devices. Thesis also contains a look at development trends of these transmissions.
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Car differentials
Čapek, Štěpán ; Ramík, Pavel (referee) ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor)
Technical solutions of car differentials. Description of the vehicle transmission system and types of differentials with their evaluation. Following active systems and active differentials with explanation of their function and summary of advantages and disadvantages of their application and use by individual car manufacturers.
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Stirling cycle
Veselý, Milan ; Ramík, Pavel (referee) ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work was aimed to comparise of ideal traditional and alternative termodynamic cycles, calculations and determinativ of efficiency of these cycles, executions of p-V and T-S diagrams with a closer look at the Stirling cycle.
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Evolutionary processes responsible for complexity in aquatic vascular plants
Prančl, Jan ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Oberprieler, Christoph (referee) ; Štech, Milan (referee)
Aquatic plants are a heterogeneous assemblage of species that, although surviving in similar habitats, have evolved from very different genetic and ecological backgrounds. However, many aquatics share a number of anatomical, morphological, metabolic and reproductive adaptations, which have arisen independently in remarkable similarities (through convergence and parallelisms) in many unrelated groups. Despite their evolutionary uniqueness, aquatic plants are markedly underrepresented in contemporary biosystematic studies. Moreover, the taxonomic evaluation of numerous aquatic plant groups is intricate due to the strong morphological reduction and a high degree of phenotypic plasticity. This thesis focuses on two notoriously challenging aquatic plant groups, Callitriche and Ranunculus sect. Batrachium. The combination of several approaches (genome size estimation, chromosome counting, sequencing of nrDNA ITS and plastid trnT-trnL regions, examination of herbarium collections) was applied in order to improve our knowledge on principal evolutionary processes such as hybridization, polyploidization and cryptic variation and demonstrate their role on the shaping of overall aquatic plant diversity. The distribution of particular species in the Czech Republic was mapped for the first time. For both groups,...
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Modification of a four cylinder diesel engine to a single cylinder test engine
Mátyás, Attila ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
This thesis deals with modification of an existing four-cylinder diesel engine to a singlecylinder research engine. The work is divided into four main parts. The first part is theoretical, briefly describes research engines, their individual types and provides an overview of their functions. The second part of the work includes the modification of a four-cylinder diesel engine to a single-cylinder research engine, focusing mainly on balancing inertia forces. The third, most extensive chapter contains the structural analysis of the crankshaft. The last part contains the design of a torsional coupling, which ensures the connection of the engine with the dynamometer.
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Powertrain of four-cylinder in-line gasoline aircraft engine
Novák, Vít ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
The focus of this work is to determine the stress of the crank mechanism of the inverted piston aircraft engine Walter Mikron III C UL from the manufacturer PARMA - TECHNIK, s.r.o. The main method of calculation is the numerical finite elements method using the program ANSYS Workbench, the module Static structural and Transient structural. The approximate indicated cylinder pressure during the duty cycle was determined in the GT-SUITE software. The partial goals are to propose possible modifications in the construction of the crank mechanism and to state the possible power reserves of the engine. The diploma thesis also briefly summarizes the history and development of aircraft piston engines from the company Walter, which developed the engine, and the line of Walter Mikron engines.
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Six-cylinder in-line diesel engine with cylinder deactivation
Novosád, Ivan ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
Master 's thesis deals with design of a drivetrain of six cylinder inline engine with cylinder deactivation for heavy agricultural vehicles. In this thesis were devised various possibilities of crankshaft balancing, the best design solution of counterweight was based on optimization in software Catia. Further, the crankshaft was analysed for force and momentum loading and torsional vibration, based on which, the torsional vibration damper was designed. There were considered several options for cylinder deactivation, which were analysed for finest run of engine and the best thermal distribution. Based on these criteria, the best option was to deactivate 2nd and 5th cylinder. The crankshaft was analysed for the fatigue failure by finite element method. The fatigue failure is the most dangerous case for the crankshaft, the resulting safety factor for this limit state is 3,05.
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