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How the Yellowhammer became a Kiwi: stories hatched at the field margins of bioacoustics and invasion ecology
Pipek, Pavel ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Slabbekoorn, Hans (referee) ; Sol Rueda, Daniel (referee)
The presented thesis exploits the introduction of the yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) to New Zealand to study the cultural evolution of birdsong dialects in exotic populations after 140 years of complete isolation from the original source populations in Great Britain. The data are interpreted with detailed knowledge of yellowhammer past in New Zealand and of the global (Europe) and regional (Czech Republic) distribution of yellowhammer dialects. Yellowhammer song is simple and males have very limited repertoire. Since the 19th cen- tury it is known that despite its simplicity the song exhibits fascinating geographical variation; the males share the terminal notes to create mosaic-like distribution of dialects. Although this phenomenon has been known for decades and thoroughly studied, many questions remain. One of them is a suspected border between "western" and "eastern" groups of dialects. By combining information about the dialect distributions obtained from works of previous researchers with recordings from online repositories and archives we demonstrate that these groups do not create macrogeographical patterns (Chapter 6). The citizen-science project "Dialects of the Czech Yellowhammers" involved Czech cit- izens in mapping the distribution of yellowhammer dialects in the Czech territory....
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The effects of historical disturbances on current vegetation and invasive plant Heracleum mantegazzianum in the Slavkov forest
Breburdová, Vendula ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis deals with the differences in floristic composition of the vegetation in abandoned villages in the Slavkovský les forest and surrounding open landscape. Due to complex historical events, the villages were abandoned and demolished by the army. Vegetation survey took place in 13 completely destroyed villages, and since the vegetation in villages consists of a mixture of woody and treeless cover, the reference vegetation in the surroundings was selected to include both types of habitats. Total number of species, number of families, Ellenberg indicator values, number of archaeophytes and neophytes and representation of life forms were compared for the floras of villages and their surroundings. The flora of villages had more neophytes, phanerophytes and higher indicator values for nutrients and soil reaction. Species' positive fidelity and percentage frequency were calculated from the synoptic table. Indirect ordination plot (NMDS) and PERMANOVA test confirmed the differences between floristic composition in destroyed villages and their vicinity. The second part of the thesis explores the differences between floristic composition of plant communities by Heracleum mantegazzianum in the same two types of habitats. Based on 50 phytosociological relevés, the total number of species, number of...
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Impacts of invasive plant species on European environment
Breburdová, Vendula ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The DAISIE project in the 6. framework program of the European Union provides valuable data about European invasive species. Invasive plants have various impacts, positive and negative, and effects all four types of ecosystem services (supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural). Invasive species are also known to cause serious economic looses. The proposed work aims at summarizing the up-to-date knowledge about the impact of invasive flora on European environment and human well-being. key words: invasive plants, impact, DAISIE, Europe, ecosystem services
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