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Alternative econoical approach to the phenomenon of altruism
Štika, Pavel ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor)
In this paper I propose a possible solution which can enable economics to tackle the phenomenon of genuine altruism motivated purely by an interest in welfare of the others. In the second chapter I suggest methodological basis, which enables us to handle the issue. Inspired by post-classical streams of economic thought I come out from the concept of methodological realism leading to an organismic perception of men. Habitual behaviour is then identified as a response of procedurally rational individual to the environment of fundamental uncertainty. In the third chapter I further enlarge perceiving of men by the conception of Jung's psychology of personality and the theory of cognitive dissonance. Distorting influence of the unconscious part of psyche and conceptual way of reality perception enhance importance of habits. Interpretation of habits is - beside behavioural habits - widened by habits called perceptional. In the fourth chapter I present a brief overview of two motivation theories - motivation coming out from Maslow's approach of hierarchization of needs and motivation coming out of the theory of habit bolstering. In the fifth chapter I propose a model, which reflects all the facts mentioned above. As an optimal response to the model environment I identify certain form of altruism represented by...
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Altruism in economics
Zdeněk, Jakub ; Štika, Pavel (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Jiří (referee)
In this thesis I set up an alternative approach to the phenomenon of altruism. I point out current dominant economic approaches imperfections and presenting alternative approach to this phenomenon based on psychological motivation for altruistic behaviour. This approach attaches importance to social nature of man. It deals with altruism through relational goods which represent human relationship in economics. It allows to describe altruism and avoid dominant economical approaches imperfections. Social nature of man and Relational Goods are characterized by reciprocity in interpersonal relationships. That is an important part of common life, but it is unreachable with an individualist methodology of mainstream economics.
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Psychology and the theory of choice
Racek, Martin ; Štika, Pavel (advisor) ; Baxa, Jaromír (referee)
The aim of my thesis is to give the reader the most comprehensive look at the parallel development of psychology and economics, to point out the possibilities, such information may be obtained in psychological experiments used for the enrichment of theoretical economics. The rst chapter deals with a historical development of economic concepts and the role that the human psychology plays there. The second chapter is devoted to behavioral economics and its approach to the relations in society. The third section summarizes the results of a range of experiments that brought behavioral economics (and other disciplines) since the 1970's to the present. The fourth chapter summarizes the possibilities how can be the experiments interpreted and suggest directions, which could (behavioral) economics take in it's further development.
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The Consequences of new ways measurment of economic welfare for recommendation to economic policy
Hrnčířová, Kristýna ; Štika, Pavel (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
Current economic policy, favoring particurarly economic growth as a condition for the growth of well-being, is confronted with empirical evidence that despite this effort, population is not always satisfied. This thesis examines, in addittion to economic growth, also other important economic indicators such as unemployement and inflation, their interrelations and connections of these indicators with the satisfaction of population. It presents reasons for importance of the development of these variables for the satisfaction of residents and to what extent satisfaction can be affected by these variables. Variables are investigated from the perspective of mainstream economics and the economics and happiness. In conclusion, this thesis summarizes recent findings of leading economists on possible revision of economic policy to better reflect present empirical evidence. Key words: Economic policy, subjective well-being, well-being, income, unemploment, inflation, Easterlin paradox .
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Choice Judgment DIscrepancy and Inequality Aversion in Earnings: Evidence from the Republic of Moldova
Besliu, Corina ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Štika, Pavel (referee)
Nowadays BE deals with many other issues besides loss aversion and the preference for fairness mentioned above. There are many works which examine such phenomena like the endowment effect, or the framing effect, the inequality aversion and the judgment choice discrepancy, the money illusion, or the mental accounting. This thesis will examine two of these topics: the discrepancy between choice and judgment and the inequality aversion. It will also try to prove that besides material payoffs there exist nonmaterial payoffs, which influence people's choices through their judgments and can be crucial in some situations, leading sometimes even to reversals in preferences.
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Earnings profiles and money illusion
Todica, Doina ; Štika, Pavel (referee) ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor)
The main goal of the thesis is to test the existence of money illusion among the working population of the Republic of Moldova. The author of the thesis conducted a survey in March 2010, and results suggest that under the presence of rather high inflation, and a larger increase in nominal wage relative to real wage, Moldovan workers are prone to money illusion, this influences their earning profiles over time and across economic sectors; more than that this finding is important in explaining why workers change the economic sector, or why some sectors of the economy are characterized by grater fluctuations than other. To the author's best knowledge, this represents the first time a study of this kind is conducted in the Republic of Moldova.
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How matching grants and their size affect behaviour and where
Caisl, Jakub ; Štika, Pavel (referee) ; Bauer, Michal (advisor)
In this work we focus on a large scale randomized field experiment described in Karlan & List(2007). Using direct mail solicitations to more than 50000 prior donors of a large U.S. non-profit organization, they examine the effects of matching grants on behaviour. They describe the effects of the matching grants in general, for the whole population, and find that matching grant size has no impact on behaviour. We use a different approach, dividing the population into subgroups by income and education and then measuring the effects of matching grant size on donating behaviour in these subgroups. We find significant heterogenity in the effects of grant size on behaviour. Also we try to apply the theory of social identity when interpreting the effects of matching grants.
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Economy of communion
Vavřina, Marek ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (advisor) ; Štika, Pavel (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to critically evaluate the way how neoclassical economics describes human behaviour. Most important fact is considered to be that people, during their lives, are becoming members of many communities which more or less influence their decision making. First chapter of this thesis deals with human rationality from different points of view. Following chapter describes theories and types of communities. Thesis also includes mathematical models which show possibilities of economic survival of each member of the community in dependence on their relationships and involvement. Following chapter contains basic theory of Labor - Managed companies. Last chapter describes factual communities in which solidarity and involvement plays crucial role for their survival.
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Hodnocení online kampaní s návazností na obchodní strategii
Štika, Pavel
The diploma thesis is focused on online campaigns, email and banner cam-paigns. This includes Internet marketing as well as internet communication. Goal of the practical part of the thesis is to evaluate past campaigns using econ-ometric model, statistical model validation tests and to determinate the factors that affect revenue. There will be recommendation provided to the company based on the campaigns evaluation, which types of internet direct marketing to prefer in the future. The results of the thesis could become a general guideline for companies that only started to use internet campaigns. Most of the data used in the theses were obtained from Google Analytics and processed using multi-dimensional regression analysis.
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