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Hybrid module for industrial localization
Sedláček, Petr ; Fuchs, Michal (referee) ; Kubíček, Michal (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce si klade za cíl návrh hybridního lokalizačního zařízení, které je schopno lokalizace uvnitř i vně budov. Lokalizace uvnitř budov je dosažena pomocí technologie Ultra Wideband a venkovní lokalizace je provedena pomocí kombinace technologie RTK GNSS a PPP pomocí open - source softwaru zvaného RTKLIB. První část textu se zaměřuje na vysvětlení používaných technologií a výběr nejpřesnější technologie pro venkovní lokalizaci. Druhá část se zaměřuje ma vývoj potřebného hardware a software finálního zařízení a na integraci systému pro venkovní lokalizaci do systému pro lokalizaci vnitřní. Výstupem práce je plně funkční zařízení, které je schopné plynulé lokalizace uvnitř i vně budov. Funčnost celého zařízení je dokázána na finálních testech uskutečněných ve vnitřních i venkovních prostorách. Na závěr také práce zmiňuje možná vylepšení celého zařízení, která mohou být v budoucnu provedena.
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Hyaluronan effect on transdermal penetration of selected pharmaceutical substances
Ureš, Tomáš ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This work deals with the transmittance of a family of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs across biological membranes in combination with the use of hyaluronan. Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HYA) is a linear polysaccharide formed from disacharide units containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid. HYA is present in almost all biological fluids and tissues, so there is an assumption that could affect the penetration of substances through the skin. Standards were prepared by anti-inflammatory drugs in admixture with various concentrations hyaluronan and subsequently measured transmittance of such substances through the skin. Standards were applied to the skin obtained from pig auricle. The drug content was determined by HPLC.
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Involvement of polyhydroxyalkanoates in stress response of bacteria during late stationary phase
Šuráňová, Zuzana ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
The aim of this work was to study the involvement of polyhydroxyalkanoates into stress response of bacteria in the late stationary phase. Bacteria Cupriavidus necator H16 (able to produce PHA) and bacteria Cupriavidus necator H16/PHB-4 (unable to produce PHA) were used for the experiment. In the theoretical part, the polyhydroxyalkanoates and a stress response of bacteria were reviewed. In the experimental part of the work, the involvement of polyhydroxyalkanoates into stress response of bacteria in the late stationary phase against selected stress factors was studied. A resistence against various stress conditions of bacteria was studied. During long term cultivations a culture viability as well as PHA distribution among bacterial populations were assessed by using flow cytometry and the PHA content in biomass was analyzed by gas chromatography with FID detector.. Based on the results obtained in this work, it was found that the PHA acumulating bacteria Cupriavidus necator H16 is capable to survive carbon substrate limitations better than the bacteria Cupriavidus necator H16/PHB. Further, Cupriavidus necator H16 also revealed higher resistence against various stress factors such as ethanol treatment and freezing.
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Study on the transport of humic acids through the plant cuticles
Smilková, Marcela ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on foliar fertilization. It is nowadays one of the most widespread types of application of commercial fertilizers. Concern of this thesis is the study of plant cuticles as a thin layer on the leaves. These thin membranes are responsible for regulation of water transport and nutrients. Further function of plant cuticles is the mechanical protection of the outer part of the plant. Plant cuticles were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, classical optical microscopy and profilometry. The main aim of this thesis is the optimization and verification of experimental methodology aimed to the transport of commercial humic product through plant cuticles by simple diffusion techniques. The results obtained by presented diffusion techniques of humic product through plant cuticles were correlated with the same diffusion experiments through synthetic membranes with defined pore size and density. The study on transport of commercial humic product was realized in hydrogel medium by two different diffusion methods – non-stationary diffusion technique and diffusion couple. The important part of this diploma thesis is the characterization of supported hydrogel matrix by rheology tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanned electron microscopy. Conclusions of this diploma thesis could be used for improving of efficiency of foliar fertilization.
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Diffusion processes in modified humic gels
Grunt, Jakub ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis presents a study on diffusion of cupric ions in humic acid gels. A total of four types of samples were made during a modified preparation of gels. Humic acids were dissolved either in sodium hydroxide or in the solution of sodium triphosphate. Subsequently, hydrochloric acid and magnesium chlorid were used for "precipitation" of the gels. Gained samples differed particularly in the nature of interactions forming their gel structures. All the samples were subjected to diffusion experiments. Two different methods – constant-source diffusion and immediate planar source diffusion – were used to assign the diffusion coefficients. Both these methods were based on monitoring how the diffusion profiles of cupric ions in gels develop in time and on assigning the overall diffusion flow. The aim of the thesis was to assess the impact of gel preparation procedure and resultant structure on diffusion coefficients of cupric ions and their transport attributes in gels in general. Two different methods of diffusion inquiry were chosen particularly to assess the impact of cupric ion concentration on the diffusion coefficient.
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Utilization of various methods of porosimetry in investigation of internal structure of biopolymer hydrogels
Zahrádka, Jan ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The main aim of the thesis was to select, optimize and test suitable methods for studying inner structure of hydrogel materials. The study of the size of pores with potential use in fundamental and applied research of these materials is the central focus of the thesis. Firstly, a literature search was done in order to collect basic information about usefulness of the individual methods. On the basis of this literature search, the experimental part of the work was divided into several steps. First, selected methods of conventional porosimetry (mercury intrusion porosimetry, BET analysis and DSC thermoporometry) were applied on reference porous materials and the results obtained by the individual methods were compared. The methods optimized with the use of these reference materials were then utilized in the analysis of porosity of model hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol. Based on the results of this analysis, the usability and benefits of the individual methods were discussed with respect to the sample preparation, time and financial demands, and also from the viewpoint of compliance of the determined pore sizes with the range of sizes declared for the physical PVA gels.
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The Study of Biopolymers Stability Using Light Scattering Techniques
Kratochvíl, Zdeněk ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
The stability of chosen biopolymers (or simple carbohydrates and amino acids) was in-vestigated using light scattering methods. Samples were prepared by dissolving the sub-stance in deionised water or in diluted acetic acid. Firstly, the effect of increasing concen-tration on zeta potential was observed and the optimal concentration for the next measure-ments was determined. Afterwards, the stability and the molecular weight of used sub-stances were studied during long-time storage in different time intervals. It was found out that chitosan, CMC, hyaluronate and sodium alginate were subjected to degradation whereas increase of the molecular weight and the zeta potential was observed in case of BSA. In the end, the samples were exposed to several different external effects, namely the influence of different temperatures, UV radiation and increasing ionic strength. The results showed that rather higher temperature has a significant impact on biopolymers stability. However, used biopolymers were hardly affected by UV radiation except BSA whose molecular weight increased considerably. Decrease of the zeta potential absolute values and the molecular size usually occurred with increasing ionic strength. The change of molecular weight was not detected.
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Experimental study on the release of active ingredients from gel matrices
Volhinava, Anastasiya ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the characterization of hydrogels containing humic substances and salicylic acid. Experimental study of the transport of active substances was performed from the gel matrix over the skin and synthetic membranes. During this work was writing literature review focused on the use of gels with humic substances in cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industries. The model humic hydrogels was prepared with salicylic acid and their characterization by basic methods of material analysis. These basic methods were and visual assessment of consistency during the preparation and rheology. The study of the release of active and humic substances was performed due to the vertical diffusion cells. The amount of released humic substance was characterized by UV-VIS method and the amount of released salicylic acid from gel matrix was determined by HPLC.
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Utilization of vibrational spectroscopy for in-situ qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microbial biomass
Kevélyová, Barbora ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the applicability of selected methods of vibrational spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomass, which contains polyhydroxyalkanoates. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, that uses attenuated total reflection technique (ATR-FTIR), was chosen for this experiment. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) has been studied in Cupriavidus malaysiensis, Thermomonas hydrothermalis and Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus sp. H1. Data were obtained by evaluating the infrared spectra, which were then compared with the results of performed gas chromatography. Visual changes in the spectra were also observed along with crystallinity. No correlation was detected between the data obtained by gas chromatography and by the method ATR-FTIR in quantitative analysis. Thus, this method is not suitable for determining the content of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in biomass in the set experiment and the bacteria used. On the other hand, the method was successfully used for in-situ qualitative analysis of copolymer in the samples of Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus sp. H1. The degree of data correlation was relatively high in the given experiment. With these findings, ATR-FTIR is a suitable analytical method for determining the monomer composition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in this strain. Comparison with the PHA producer Cupriavidus malaysiensis showed that this method is not universal for all types of microorganisms observed in this thesis.
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Preparation and characterization of novel application forms of humic substances in combination with water sorbents
Nováčková, Táňa ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis discusses an applicability of hydrogel forms-based composite materials of humic acids and commercial water sorbent. According to the literature review, methods of incorporation of humic acids into commercial sorbents of water under various conditions and the resulting materials were subsequently characterized. In the characterization, major attention was paid to the determination of the water content and the swelling characteristics. Preparation of the composite materials was directed to use their sorption abilities and ability to control the release of humic substances in agriculture.
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