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Principles of criminal law in proceedings on administrative transgressions
Lomozová, Petra ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
RESUMÉ Petra Lomozová: Principles of Criminal Justice in the Proceedings on Minor Offences This paper addresses to basic principles of criminal proceedings as expressed in § 2 of the Czech Code of Criminal Procedure. It seeks to find out the scope in which these principles apply to the proceedings ruled by the Act on Minor Offences, which is part of Czech aministrative law. The distinction between criminal offences and administrative offences has a long tradition in Czech and Austrian law. The criminal offences are essentially part of criminal law and underlie the jurisdiction of courts, while the proceedings on administrative offences, including the minor offences, are led by public authorities. However, this distinction doesn't rely upon firm and definite theoretical foundations and is managed differently in different European countries. That's why the Czech courts use to emphasize, that the basic principles, which apply to criminal proceedings, should also be applicable to proceedings on administrative offences. The question is treated with regard to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. This Article guarantees the right to a fair hearing to everyone charged with a criminal offence. "Charge" as well as "criminal offence" have to be understood in their autonomous meaning which differ from...
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Problems in application on free access to information
Jirovec, Tomáš ; Vopálka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Prášková, Helena (referee)
Problems in Applying the Free Access to Information Act1 By integration of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms into the "constitutional order"2 , the Czech Republic declared the acknowledgment of the principles of democratic legal state. Wording of the Charter is in accordance with the most relevant international documents on human rights, therefore it also anchors the right to freedom of expression, closely related to the right to information as the significant means of controlling public administration by engaged public. The diction of article 17 (5) shows that the change in the conception of public affairs administration occurred when the discrete administration was abandoned for the administration publicity principle which ought to be implemented with maximum of openness and transparency. The right to information has found its statutory expression in the Act on Free Access to Information that was passed in the year of 1999. The passivity of the Czech Republic government in regulating the field of providing information forced a group of senators to draft the bill that was finally passed as the mentioned act. The fact that the text of the law did not originate in the government, which has an extensive legislative apparatus at its disposal, is one of the circumstances causing that the...
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Keeping records of administrative delicts
Růžičková, Zuzana ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Millerová, Ivana (referee)
This master's degree thesis deals with keeping records of administrative delicts in the Czech Republic. It mainly focuses on the central register of offenses which is new, yet unknown institute. Its implementation was recently approved by Parliament. Even though the law is not yet effective, it has attracted considerable media interest since it aims to deal with minor offenses relapsing. The reason for my research is to examine these new possibilites. The purpose of my thesis is to summarize the existing situation in the field and to analyze various aspects of the new central register. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. The preface introduces the topic, the structure and the main goals of this thesis. The second chapter is theoretical. It briefly defines basic terminology and explains what is an administrative offence, in which categories it can be divided and what are its essential features. The third chapter examines which registers do we have, which information can we find there and what is their purpose. The fourth chapter concentrates on issues related to the central register. I compare the pros and cons and also give a thought about whether or not to punish minor offenses relapse by criminal law. The fifth chapter is devoted to the central register of offenses in the form it was approved by the...
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Administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth traffic flow on highways
Sárová, Lenka ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
The presented thesis refers to the administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth traffic flow on highways. This is very actual topic currently, because everybody meets with these administrative transgressions in his life. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. The first chapter introduce us with the history of legislation in the period from the formation of the Czechoslovak republic in 1918 to the presence. The following chapter describes relevant legislation. This chapter contains general regulation of liability for transgressions, as well as discusses the constituent elements of transgressions and ends with characteristic of the constituent elements defined by the Law of highway traffic. In the third chapter, I focused on the comparison of transgressions and crimes. First I compared the general arrangement for liability for crimes and transgressions. Furthermore, I have listed which crimes could be committed in connection with the highway traffic, and then I looked on, in my opinion, mostly committed crimes. The fourth chapter deals with the sanctions that may be imposed for transgressions. The rules on penalties are prescribed by Law of transgressions; the specific amount of sanctions is set by the Law of highway traffic. The administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth...
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Proceedings for administrative delicts of legal entities
Hyldebrant, Pavel ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Millerová, Ivana (referee)
A heated debate was going on during the past few years among Czech lawyers concerning punishment of legal entities. It culminated as the law on criminal liability of legal entities and proceedings against them was passed. However, this has not solved all the problems of legal regulation of delicts committed by legal entities. The question of reform of administrative punishment remains relevant, although not urgent. The current legislation suffers certain defects, in particular its incompleteness, which has to be addressed in legal practice by using laws whose primary field of application lies elsewhere; those laws do not address all peculiarities of administrative punishment of legal entities. While the main discussion is centered on substantive law, proceedings for administrative delicts of legal entities deserve attention as well. My thesis is divided into four parts. The first part briefly outlines the historical development of the proceedings for administrative delicts of legal entities. The second part provides a brief overview of the current state of legislation, focusing on the sources of law. The third part deals with general principles of law relevant for proceedings for administrative delicts of legal entities, especially the right to a fair trial, as described in the Convention for the Protection...
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Protection of personal data
Kürtösiová, Milada ; Vopálka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Prášková, Helena (referee)
Resumé - Personal Data Protection Norman Lewis, the author of an article entitled "Right for Privacy in the Age of Facebook", points out an important divergence related to personal data protection: "It is common to encounter people who are concerned about data collection and the potential abuse of power by the state, but who are at the same time willing to reveal deeply personal thoughts on social networking sites". In his article, N.Lewis poses a question "can one seriously argue that privacy is generally regarded as important today?" In my opinion, the issue of personal data protection is becoming increasingly important. An interest in the topic of personal data protection is connected to the modern era and mainly to the development of modern technologies. Personal data processing, the possible misuse of such data and personal data theft are phrases often to be heard nowadays. In addition, another related issue has recently been gaining considerable attention - personal data transfer to foreign countries. Outlining the structure of this thesis in greater detail, the first chapter introduces the basic historical sources of corresponding international and European legislation (such as international agreements, OECD Guidelines on protection of privacy and trans-border flows of personal data or Personal Data...
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Expropriation of buildings and land
Schweiner, Petr ; Staša, Josef (advisor) ; Prášková, Helena (referee)
Resume This work deal with Expropriation of buildings and land in Czech Republic. Main part of this work is dealing with the new Expropriation Act, which became effective from 1 January 2007, but not only, because this act is one of several act, where expropriation is regulated. More important regulation is included inthe Czech Bill of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, where is determined constitutional principles of Expropriation and limitation of property rights. These conditions are: "in public interest under the rule of law and with compensation." These constitutional principles are specificated in the Czech Civil Code and expropriation act. Very important for Czech regulation are international documents for example the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms from 1950. Specially the First Protocol to the European Convention, signed in Paris in 1952, includes the right to the peaceful enjoyment of possesion in the Article 1. Third chapter is dealing with definition of expropriation: "taking out property by public authority." Legal definition of this term is in expropriation act where is used as legal abbreviation for expropriation and limitation of property. There is text about land and Constructions for example what is land and what is not land according to...
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Review of the decision on administrative infraction
Švorčiková, Jana ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
Bez názvu Právní řád umožňuje přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku různými prostředky. Celkově považuji právní úpravu přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku za dostatečnou, nikoliv však plně vyhovující, s výhradami uvedenými v jednotlivých kapitolách. Nedostatky spočívají v nedodržení základních zásad charakteristických pro přestupky, resp. nutnosti jejich aplikace v obecném řízení. V diplomové práci jsem uvedla postupy správních orgánů, příp. soudů při přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku, rozsah přezkoumávání a možnosti rozhodnutí o přezkoumávání. Veřejná správa by především sama měla odstranit svá nezákonná, příp. nesprávná rozhodnutí. Proto je nejprve nutná kontrola v samotném správním řízení a i následné přezkoumávání před soudem může nastat pouze tehdy, pokud proběhlo správní řízení o přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku. Obecným opravným prostředkem je odvolání, upravené ve správním řádu s jednotlivými speciálním ustanoveními v přestupkovém zákoně. Na základě správního řádu zkoumá odvolací orgán správnost rozhodnutí pouze v rozsahu uplatňovaných námitek. Vzhledem ke specifické úpravě přestupků, kdy je správním orgánům umožněno ve velkém rozsahu rozhodovat na základě správního uvážení, by mělo být posíleno postavení účastníka řízení úplným revizním principem, a to zejména tehdy, kdy už mu žádný opravný...
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