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Analysis of an Electromagnetic Wave on the Boundary between Electromagnetic Materials
Kadlec, Radim ; Lazar, Josef (referee) ; Macháč, Jan (referee) ; Kroutilová, Eva (advisor)
The proposed dissertation thesis contains an analysis of conditions on the boundary between layers having varied electromagnetic properties. The research is performed using consistent theoretical derivation of analytical formulas, and the underlying problem is considered also in view of multiple boundaries including the effect of the propagation of electromagnetic waves having different instantaneous speed. The author presents a survey and formulation of the basic characteristics of methods used for electromagnetic wave propagation analysis; in this respect, special emphasis is placed on radial models. The processing of the topic involved the designing and verification (using a set of different, layered planar materials) of algorithms to analyze the electromagnetic field components. The algorithm was assembled to enable simple evaluation of all components of the electromagnetic field in relation to the speed of the wave propagation in a heterogeneous environment. The proposed algorithms are compared by means of different numerical methods for the modelling of electromagnetic waves on the boundary between materials; moreover, electromagnetic field components in common points of the model were also subject to comparison. When in conjunction with tools facilitating the analysis of material response to the source of a continuous signal, the algorithms constitute a supplementary instrument for the design of a layered material. Such design enables the realization of, for example, recoilless plane, recoilless transition between different types of environment, and filters for both optical and radio frequencies.
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Economic evaluation of the current revitalization of watercourses in urban areas, with emphasis on the concept of ecosystem services
Paseka, Petr ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Macháč, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the impact of the concept of ecosystem services in the evaluation of the social costs and benefits of urban watercourse revitalization. Its possible use is shown on the specific selected project. The theoretical part explains the economic substance of ecosystem services, defines related terms, introduces different approaches of various economic schools to the concept and describes its historical development. The practical part then quantifies the net social benefits and costs of the selected project using cost- benefit analysis extended by the concept of ecosystem services. In the conclusion, the objective indicators are calculated and analysed in order to identify the strengths and weeknesses of using the concept of ecosystem services.
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Cost-effectivenes analysis of achieving energy savings in OPPI subsidy program in SME and big corporations
Malcánek, Jan ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
A high consumption of energy worldwide and a high environmental burden is a burning problem today. The Energy Union is one of the policies aimed at fighting this high energy consumption in the European Union and its dependence on energy supplies from outside the E.U. Its goal is to decrease energy consumption in the member states of the European Union and stop energy supplies from outside the E.U. Within the Energy Union, whose member is also the Czech Republic, the OPPI subsidy program was created, whose goal is to achieve the objectives of the Energy Union. This program started in 2007 in all regions of the Czech Republic except Prague and was terminated in 2015 when all the statistical data was collected. This data was used in this Bachelor's thesis to create a model which evaluates all the aspects of this subsidy program and his effectiveness. The hypothesis regarding cost effectiveness reaching energy savings with a different rate of subsidizing small and medium enterprises on the one hand, and big corporations on the other is accepted, and additional recommendations for better targeting in future subsidy programs are added. These recommendations are based on collected statistical data confirming that the effectiveness of drawing subsidies is influenced by three aspects: the region, company size, and the particular call for a subsidy program.
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Analysis of the impact of ownership on effective operation of heating plants in the Czech Republic
Fajfr, Tomáš ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Zajíček, Miroslav (referee)
Privatization transformation took place in the Czech Republic at the beginning of the nineties which also highly influenced heating plant industry. Some heating plant companies are in private ownership and some remained or were returned back into ownership of towns and villages. The main hypothesis of the bachelor thesis is that heating plant companies are more effective and are reaching better economic results than companies owned by towns and villages. This hypothesis is confirmed with the aid of statistic method of linear regression. Private heating plant companies have in average higher sales on employee, higher return on equity, higher return on sales and also higher share of investments on total revenue. Minor hypothesis saying that towns heating plant will sell heat energy cheaper was disproved.
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Comparative analysis of current approaches to planting short rotation coppice in the Czech Republic and European Union countries
Pastýříková, Jana ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Sunega, Petr (referee)
The short rotation coppice production presents an important renewable natural resource. With respect to growing interest of society in the environmental sustainability there is general importance of coppice plantation. The plantation establishment is investment with a long payback. Therefore, decision has to be made whether this reality is favou-rable for the farmers and does not discourage them from this kind of non-food produ-cing land usage. The assessment of this hypothesis is based on the comparative analysis of Czech, Germany and Swedish models of plantations profitability. As a result, taking advantage of the subsidies is in place considering the negative results of Czech Republic profit. Germany and Sweden produce a positive profit even without any subsidies con-sidered. The comparison would have to be extended by the costs of foregone oppor-tunities factor to be able to consider the need of subsidies in such countries
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Water management in small municipalities - are we thinking about the future?
Linc, Ondřej ; Vojáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Macháč, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the water engineering industry from the vantage point of creating funds for the renewal of infrastructure with an emphasis on the situation in small municipalities that run their own water supply networks. On the basis of data analysis for the prices of water and sewer rates and the value of infrastructural facilities it is shown that the networks are underfinanced in a third of the municipalities with a self-reliant management model. There is a lack of finance for their reconstruction and the networks are becoming obsolete. Personal empirical research supported the surmise, that the reason for underfinancing is the mayors' attempt at appealing politics. The hypothesis that artificial decrease of prices indeed leads to higher election gains and a longer term for the mayors, was however not confirmed. The thesis concludes that to reach rectification of the situation and secure creation of funds for the renewal of infrastructure in the examined municipalities, it is necessary to increase awareness within the management of the municipalities regarding the legislative situation and secure consultations by experts.
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Cost effectiveness analysis of measures leading to the reduction of eutrophication in the catchment of the Orlik Reservoir
Macháč, Jan ; Slavíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Vojáček, Ondřej (referee)
The growing demand for clean water has led to the adoption of the EU Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60 EC). New legislation has a major impact on the water management and the national economy and provides numerous requirements, including "good status" of all water bodies. The Framework Directive also implies the need for an economic analysis of the optimal process to achieve good status by using the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). The application of this method in water management is struggling with a number of methodological complications. One of the affected areas in the Czech Republic is the catchment of the Orlik Reservoir that faces excessive eutrophication. Eutrophication is caused by excessive introduction of phosphorus. The main sources of phosphorus are municipal wastewater, aquaculture and agriculture. As illustrated by professional research mentioned in this work and the actual processing of CEA of the catchment of the Orlik Reservoir, a wide range of methodological problems can be avoided by using appropriate tools. This thesis also presents that achieving of good status of the catchment would require annual cost of CZK 602 million. The most significant cost bearers are according to the CEA fisheries and municipalities.
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Proposal of optimal regulation in the Czech water industry
Novotný, Jiří ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
This thesis deals with post-privatization development of the water industry and sewerage. It leads to problems that the current state of regulation has been unable to handle effectively. There is an outflow of money into private foreign companies rather than investing in the aging infrastructure of the Czech water system. Water has not been earning a financial gain for the state, even though its price over the years continues to grow. The state has been unable to allocate investments toward cities and municipalities that have a high incentive to establish a superior water infrastructure. Water companies often have the privileged position in this field and even though they are regulated by antitrust laws, their operation is not socially efficient. In compliance with the information asymmetry and the pressure of the groups of interest, the regulator is affected more by the preferences of the water system companies rather than the interests of society. The aim of the thesis is to suggest the adjustment of regulation in the Czech Republic on the basis of foreign experience. Comparative analysis of the approaches of chosen European countries was used for this purpose; and further, for a deeper comparison, the situation is presented at a much better mapped and described telecommunication market. From the discussed methods of regulation (following the example of the European experience), not only the recommendations regarding the changes of duties for operators to lease the water infrastructure are suggested, but also non-discrimination of the individual consumer groups, changes of legislation in favor of long-term sustainable development in the field of water supply, and suggestions for dealing with information asymmetry.
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Compensatory market mechanisms in the sphere of conservation of species diversity and their potential use in the Czech Republic
Martíšková, Kateřina ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Macháč, Jan (referee)
Benefits that mankind obtains in connection with existence of the well-functioning ecosystems and biodiversity, are called ecosystem services. Although biodiversity is not an ecosystem service in itself, however it is one of the basic prerequisites for their function. The importance of this topic for society, directly depends on the importance of ecosystem services as a source of direct or indirect benefits that impact the well-being of the human population. The aim of the application of market mechanisms on this issue is to find the optimal level of environmental protection and human development, together with optimization of the allocation environmental goods. These market mechanisms are used by many countries around the world. The thesis analyzes several cases of use of compensatory market mechanisms, with a closer focus on the Australia, the Britain and the France. Costs and benefits of the system are recognized, together with the configuration of the operation in the various states. This thesis also provides views on the territorial structure of the Czech Republic, the value of their ecosystem services and they are also presented methods of biodiversity conservation on the basis of which the possibility of establishing a market-besed systém of biodiversity conservation in the Czech Republic has been discussed. Application of market mechanisms could bring a certain dynamism to the protection of biodiversity in the Czech Republic, which is currently provided by the system of national parks and other specially protected areas, which can act as barriers to economic development. On the contrary, the market system will allow the use of the landscape in places with the highest demand through the application of the price mechanism. However, due to administrative costs of this system so far, it seems that the application of biodiversity conservation is rather unlikely in the Czech Republic.
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Economic analysis of energy storage devices contained in EFSI 2015-2017
Kůt, Petr ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Vojáček, Ondřej (referee)
As a result of support of renewable energy sources in Europe the fluctuations in electricity production occurs and threaten the stability of the electrification network. For this reason, we can monitor growing demand for technology solutions that are able to effectively eliminate these fluctuations. Devices for storing electrical energy appears suitable. This thesis deals with the economic analysis of the projected facilities in the Czech Republic that have applied for support from the European Fund for Strategic Investment (EFSI), compared to other model devices. As part of the work there was used method of cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate various technology solutions based on the ability to provide ancillary services. Consequently on the results of thesis we can say the most cost-effective project is under current conditions, construction equipment storage technology using compressed air CAES located at Dolní Rožinka included in EFSI 2015-2017. Keywords:
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