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... and Woman Does Not Exist. Considering Woman's Subjectivity and Facticity in Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex
Zittová, Kristýna Sára ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
(in English) How can we explain political oppression if we claim ourselves to be metaphysically free subjects? As a basis of The Second Sex, the question is there analyzed in its specific case - a woman. According to Beauvoir, woman has been expelled to an immanent domain, surrounded by the shared world, foreign to her in its absolute giveness. Yet at the same time, she claims just as Sartre does that freedom, transcendence, and the world are inseparable parts of the structure of a subject. Can these claims be truly brought together? In most cases, interpretations of The Second Sex turn to one and omit the other. Contrariwise, the aim of this thesis is to preserve both, and in the light of Being and Nothingness explain them as parts of one structure. I demonstrate that ontologically, woman and man are transcending, free subjects. Man chooses his own fundamental project for himself, and with this choice the world appears in its meaning - as his own. Man can thus choose from his possibilities either authentically, or run from his condemnation to freedom towards insecurity. For woman, her fundamental project is chosen by others and she only accepts it - and with it, a foreign world which belongs to men appears to her. Therefore, she factically remains in her immanent domain of womanhood. Her situation...
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Vtělenost ve vztahu k novým technologiím
Gutierrez, Ivan ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Kera, Denisa (referee) ; Wellner, Galit (referee)
This dissertation is an empirically responsive philosophical exploration into the incorporation of technological tools within a framework comprising the structures of experience laid out in the early phenomenological tradition and an analysis of agency drawing from the analytical tradition. Technological tools have become so deeply integrated in our lives that they function like a part of us, transforming what we feel we can do and even who we are. Although new spaces of autonomous agency have been opened up, since the inner workings of technological tools can remain invisible, we risk diminishing our own capacities. Since we are fundamentally embedded in the world, we cannot understand ourselves without reference to the world and we cannot understand the world without reference to the way we are. The uniqueness involved in our use of technological tools grows out of a more primordial uniqueness that makes technological tool use possible and sets us apart from our closest evolutionary relatives. Several animals extend their physical influence on the environment by means of tools. We humans, however, use tools to extend our cognitive abilities as well. And since the computer is the most universal human tool, which can be put to sensorimotor and cognitive purposes alike, we take the computer to be...
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The Problem of Body in Phenomenological Psychology
Havel, Jan ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis has several aims. To present daseinsanalysis as a science founded upon philosophy of Martin Heidegger. To show that founding of a science generally requires reflection whether its philosophical foundations are adequate. In contrast to daseinsanalysis prove that contemporary medicine and psychology are founded upon inadequate foundations. And eventually, it will be required to analyze the human body phenomenon, which is problematic, thus posing a threat to the consistence of Heidegger's philosophy. Keywords Heidegger, Boss, daseinsanalysis, body, theory of science
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Normality and Normativity
Haloun, Martin ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
Martin Haloun Normality and Normativity Annotation: The thesis Normality and Normativity is concerned with the problems of the relation of normal and abnormal. The analysis of the expression 'normal' is the introduction of the topic followed by the demonstration that there are multiple meanings of the normal that do not always coincide. During the description of the aspects of norm and normal the fundamental relations between facts and prescriptions will have to be taken into account. The full meaning of the notion normal will be demonstrated on the basis of its relation to the pathological and healthy. A definition of health presented in this thesis, which takes into consideration the specifics of the normal, is based on the works of George Canguilhem and Kurt Goldstein. The crucial moment is the understanding of disease as a reaction of an organism to the limitation of the milieu. An important factor is the introduction of vital normativity that is intrinsic to the living being. This conception opposes the influential conception which identifies the state of health with certain physiological criteria - standards of health - advocated among others by Claude Bernard. At the end of the thesis we will shortly overview the norms as formative aspect in a society. The sociological view of norms that is...
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To Seize the Masses. Philosophy, Ideology and Propaganda by Karl Marx
Pech, Robin ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
Title: "To Seize the Masses". Philosophy, ideology and propaganda by Karl Marx Author: Robin Pech Department: Ústav filosofie a religionistiky Supervisor: Mgr. Petr Kouba, Ph.D. Abstract: The aim of the diploma thesis is to thematize and clarify the interdependence of philosophy, ideology and propaganda by Karl Marx. The realization of philosophy, according to Marx, is a critique of modern society. The aim of this critique, however, is not only the understanding and interpretation of social relations but, above all, their change. For these purposes, Marx has developed his philosophy of history. On this basis is explained the nature of modern society and formulated the political programme of its transformation. That is further publicly promoted to ensure adequate - mass - support for the revolution. Thus, arises remarkable combination of philosophy, political ideology and propaganda, which seems to be an integral part of Marx's thought and his literary work and therefore, also a serious problem of his interpretation. Keywords: Marx, Philosophy, Ideology, Prapaganda
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Study of the lepton flavor violating decays of the Higgs boson at the ATLAS experiment
Kouba, Petr ; Scheirich, Daniel (advisor) ; Mlynáriková, Michaela (referee)
Title: Study of the Lepton Flavor Violating Decays of the Higgs Boson at the ATLAS Experiment Author: Petr Kouba Institute: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: Mgr. Daniel Scheirich, Ph.D., Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Abstract: The thesis contains an analysis of the potential lepton flavor violating Higgs boson decays performed on the data acquired by the ATLAS experiment during the Run II period of the LHC. The analysis comprised of an event selection aiming at the reduction of the backgrounds, while keeping the highest possible amount of the signal events. An estimate of the leptons misidentified by the reconstruction algorithms of the ATLAS experiment was included in the anal- ysis. For the selected events, invariant mass was reconstructed in the collinear approximation. The distribution of the invariant mass according to the MMC was provided for reference purposes. Keywords: Higgs boson, ATLAS, collinear approximation ii
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Transcendental Empiricism
Drbohlav, Jakub ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee)
Present thesis attempts to lay foundations of interpretation of Deleuzeʼs project of transcendental empiricism as a transcendental critical philosophy which develops itself upon the critique of traditional metaphysics founded on representative thought. For understanding this project it is essential to grasp its relation to Kantʼs critical philosophy. Present thesis focuses mainly on the importance of Maïmonʼs critique of Kant and his suggested revision of Kantʼs philosophy for the Deleuzeʼs project. In the first chapter, critique of representative metaphysics and its consequences for Deleuzeʼs transcendental empiricism is pursued. Second chapter deals with the character of differential transcendental organization which Deleuzeʼs project develops. This organization will be interpreted as a symbolic structural space constantly changing in time, which represents Deleuzeʼs "philosophical interpretation" of Riemannʼs conception of continuous manifold. Third chapter will show the consistency of this unconscious transcendental space with our phenomenal subjective perspective and will sketch an explanation of its genesis through such transcendental organization.
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On geometry in fundamental ontology
Kovář, Vojtěch ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee)
The following text attempts to rethink the challenge of Edmund Husserl in his text On the Origin of Geometry. Interpretation of fundamental ontology developed by Martin Heidegger in Being and Time provides field on which it is possible to try to answer the question of the origin of geometry. It is conceived as a completely unique ontological possibility that nature is able to vouch for an explanation of the geometry.
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Analysis of the concept of otherness from an interdisciplinary perspective
Kaiseršotová, Tereza ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
The thesis aspires to present Otherness as an important phenomenon pervading broad spectrum of socioscientific disciplines and approaches. The diversity of provided opinions emphasize relevance and interdisciplinary overlap of the analysed term. The variety of given approaches also corresponds with scientific principles characteristic of culturological work. The interdisciplinarity respecting culturological background informs the whole text. A different character of each chapter creates the interdisciplinary perspective. The first one is written in a socially anthropological way. It is based namely on the personalities of Mary Tew Douglas and Claude Lévi-Strauss. Marc Augé or Tzvetan Todorov and their interpretation of the Otherness also take place in this chapter. The next one tries to deal with the theme of Otherness by means of sociological, feministic and postfeministic approaches. There is also reserved a special place for the erotism of Georges Bataille and the orientalism of Edward W. Said. The third chapter is oriented purely philosophically - it draws especially from the postmodern philosophy and the phenomenology. The final chapter tries to bring a genealogical dimension to intensify the analysis of the concept of Otherness. There is also an attempt at a theoretical generalization in the thesis....
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