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Spatial generalizations of the properties of the triangle
Šrubař, Jiří ; Karger, Adolf (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee) ; Lávička, Miroslav (referee)
TITLE Spatial generalizations of the properties of the triangle AUTHOR Jirˇı' Sřubarˇ SUPERVISOR Prof. RNDr. Adolf Karger, DrSc. DEPARTMENT Department of mathematics education ABSTRACT The present thesis describes various interesting properties of a triangle. The aim is to find and prove similar properties of its spatial generalization - a tetrahedron. Even though both synthetic and computational methods are used for proving spatial relations, synthetic approach is preferred whenever possible. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, the properties of the tetrahedron analogous to the centroid and the orthocenter of the triangle are described. Also, conditions on the existence of the orthocenter of the tetrahedron are derived. Moreover, for tetrahedrons without an orthocenter, the so-called Monge point is introduced as its generalization. In the second part of the thesis, some further properties of the triangle are studied - - the Simson line, the de Longchamps point, the nine-point circle, the Euler line, the Lemoine point, the isodynamic points, the Lemoine axis and the Brocard axis. As the main contribution of the present thesis we define and prove the existence of spatial analogues of the above mentioned properties for the tetrahedron - the de Longchamps point, the twelve-point and...
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A guide to fractal geometry
Hajmová, Kateřina ; Pokorný, Dušan (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee)
This text is intended for the general public. The aim of this work is acquaint readers with foundations of the fractal geometry. The thesis explains important terminology, such as the coastline paradox or the fractal dimension. A great emphasis is placed on explaining the concept of the box-counting dimension. The thesis includes the construction methods of the L-systems, IFS, TEA and random fractals. In addition, it shows the use of fractal geometry in practice. The text is completed with illuminating figures drawn in most cases in Geogebra software and Wolfram Mathematica.
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Jan Sobotka - the Inspiration After Hundred Years
Zuščák, Tomáš ; Kuřina, František (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee) ; Nádeník, Zbyněk (referee)
Inspirativnost díla Jana Sobotky pro učitele matematiky. Život a dílo Jana Sobotky, charakteristika jeho působení. Stav geometrického bádání v českých zemích a ve světě v 19. a na počátku 20. století. Rozbor vybraných prací Jana Sobotky. Apolloniova úloha a příbuzné úlohy - Apolloniova úloha v euklidovské rovině, na kulové ploše a v trojrozměrném euklidovském prostoru, izogonální sféra. Podnětnost Sobotkova díla ilustrovaná na několika úlohách. Význam kalkulů v geometrii.
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A Plane Perspectivity
Plichtová, Petra ; Voráčová, Šárka (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee)
This thesis is intended for high school and university students and their teachers, who want to expand their knowledges about plane geometry. In the introduction of the text we let the reader know ideal point, dividing ratio and cross ratio. Thesis shows the dividing mappings in plane according to their characteristics which they maintaining. With some simple examples it shows their use in practice, their characteristics and main types. Main part of the thesis is projective transformations and affine transformations, derivation of their characteristics, searching for other points and their use. The work is added with illuminating pictures and photos. Pictures were drawn in QCAD software and GeoGebra software.
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Web application for teaching of trigonometric functions, equations ane inequalities
Kepič, Matúš ; Robová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee)
Title: Web application for teaching of trigonometric functions, equations and inequalities Author: Matúš Kepič Department: Department of Mathematics Education Supervisor: RNDr. Jarmila Robová, CSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: robova@karlin.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The thesis is devoted to trigonometric functions, equations and inequalities, the focus is on goniometrical equations and inequalities. This work serves as a teaching material for students and teachers of secondary schools. The work contains a theoretical part, which explains the basic knowledge of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic and hyperbolometric functions and also of goniometrical equations and inequalities. The practical part contains the solved examples and tasks assigned to practicing. The work has a form of a web application, contains interactive elements (for example step-by-step solution, multiple choice tests, applets created by GeoGebra). Keywords: trigonometric functions, goniometrical equations, inequalities goniometrical
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An Unusual Approach to Circular Inversion
Šebek, Jakub ; Škorpilová, Martina (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to present the topic of circular inversion in a closer way to the non-standard knowledge of high school students actively competing in Mathematical Olympiads. The first chapter describes the topic of antiparallel lines, a relatively common knowledge among such students. The second chapter introduces an antiparallel mapping which is actually a circular inversion, but deduced solely from the properties of antiparallel lines. We consider this way of introduction to be original and closer to the principle of solving more complex olympiad problems using circular inversion. In the following two chapters the topics of power of a point and cross ratio are described and their connection to antiparallel map is shown. In those chapters the circular inversion itself is also introduced and many of its properties are proven. In the last chapter, we solve the Problem of Apollonius and prove the Feuerbach's theorem using inversion. 1
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Structural Mathematics in High School
Beran, Filip ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee)
What exactly can we understand by "structural mathematics"? Mathematical structures was a concept which dominated images of mathematics of the twentieth century. It was followed by an effort to transpose the work of Nicolas Bourbaki and his contemporaries into high school education. Progress and results of so-called "modernization of school mathematics" were often received with criticism and hesitation. Using didactical-mathematical concepts of constructivism, languages of mathematics and their various representations and instrumental realism we analyze the principal reasons of that failure. Concurrently we show how it is possible to revive its teaching by broader conception of "structuring" in mathematics. So from mathematical structures we gradually pass to structural mathematics.
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A guide to fractal geometry
Hajmová, Kateřina ; Pokorný, Dušan (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee)
This text is intended for the general public. The aim of this work is acquaint readers with foundations of the fractal geometry. The thesis explains important terminology, such as the coastline paradox or the fractal dimension. A great emphasis is placed on explaining the concept of the box-counting dimension. The thesis includes the construction methods of the L-systems, IFS, TEA and random fractals. In addition, it shows the use of fractal geometry in practice. The text is completed with illuminating figures drawn in most cases in Geogebra software and Wolfram Mathematica.
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Modern approach to teaching spatial geometry
Bartošová, Eliška ; Surynková, Petra (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee)
This work is a collection of solved problems in descriptive geometry, supplemented by elementary theory needed for their solution. The theory includes definitions and elementary properties of polygons and their constructions. Theory about solids, mostly prisms and pyramids, is also included. The second chapter introduces theory of projection, including definitions of projection methods (Monge, center, etc.) and corresponding terms. The second part contains a collection of problems, where each problem is solved in four projection methods (there are problems of construction of a point, line, plane, prism and pyramid). For each problem there is an animation for Lisa Viewer program attached, which makes an integral part of the work. These animations allow to look at figures of the problems interactively and even in three dimensions. There is also a PDF document with problem assignment and solution for each problem, suitable for print. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Properties and applications of low degree surfaces
Mirová, Aneta ; Šír, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Boček, Leo (referee)
My thesis "Properties and applications of low degree surfaces" deals mainly with properties of two quadrics. We introduce so called canonical forms of two quadrics and classification of intersection curve of two quadrics. There are used index and signature sequence to obtain classification of intersection curve of two quadrics. These sequence can determine the number of component of the intersection curve, their algebraic degrees and singularities. Our work also contains many examples with pictures. One part of the thesis also presents possible application of intersection curve of two quadrics in practice. This thesis also contains an enclosed CD, with the thesis in an electronic form and the source files of all pictures in the thesis.
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