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Modified Iron Chelators Permeating Plasmatic Membrane
Tomášková, Alena ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Schulz, Jiří (referee)
The effort to find a cure for cancer is a big topic nowadays. Some types of cancer cells contain more iron than healthy cells. Iron is a biogenic element that is important for cell proliferation and growth. Since the main site of iron metabolism is in the mitochondria, one way to induce cell death in cancer cells is to reduce the bioavailability of iron in the mitochondria. There are several currently registered therapeutics, some of which contain a hydroxypyridone group as an iron chelating unit, but none of the drugs in use are designed to target the mitochondria. For the chelating unit able to bind iron localized in the mitochondria, it needs to cross the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondria, which can be achieved by coupling the chelating unit with the triphenylphosphonium cation, which is a known membrane transporter, via a lipophilic chain. Triphenylphosphonium should be able to transport the hydrophilic chelating unit into the mitochondria due to its positive charge. The chelator will complex the ferric cations, thereby reducing their availability for other biochemical processes. In this work, two hydroxypyridone derivatives were prepared differing in the length of the spacer between the chelating unit and triphenylphosphine cation. Keywords Iron-binding ligands, mitochondrial...
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Conducting a counseling interview with foreigners
Rakušanová, Simona ; Šámalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Novotná, Alena (referee)
The master's thesis focuses on conducting counseling interviews with the target group of foreigners. The aim of the thesis was to identify the specifics of counseling interviews encountered by social workers in their practice. Specifically, the procedures, methods, and techniques used by social workers, obstacles complicating communication with the client, and the support provided to the social worker to help overcome these obstacles are mapped out. The theoretical part of the thesis initially presents the topic of migration and the integration of foreigners in the Czech Republic. Then, greater attention is given to the role of the social worker and the competencies required in professional social counseling with foreigners. Following this are insights into the counseling process with a focus on conducting counseling interviews with foreigners. The empirical part of the thesis introduces a qualitative study conducted through semi-structured interviews with social workers from professional social counseling services provided to foreigners. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Key findings included manifestations of the influence of language barrier and cultural differences in the interviews. Both factors are reflected in the selected approaches, methods, and techniques of the social...
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Expressing iteration in contemporary Spanish
Hašková, Alena ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Rubešová, Štěpánka (referee)
The aim of this paper is to introduce means of expressing iteration in contemporary Spanish and the ways of translation into Czech. The theoretical part defines the basic terms, presents the issue of category of aspect in Spanish and in Czech. It also presents the division of this category in these languages, as well as according to semantic meanings and formal means. Special attention is paid to the terms of iteration and reiteration and their ways of expression, namely suffixes re-, sub-, and sobre-; verbal periphrases volver a + infinitive, venir + gerund and tener + participle; and lexical-syntactic means de nuevo, por segunda vez and otra vez. The practical part contains three case studies, divided according to the mentioned formal means of expression. For the analyses are used two corpus - Araneum and InterCorp. The Araneum corpus serves to verify the general frequency of the phenomena in Spanish and to assess whether there is a binding effect for the given means. Corpus InterCorp is used to compile a typology of Czech equivalents.
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Role of interaction between circadian and immune system in development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Honzlová, Petra ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Okuliarová, Monika (referee) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Disruptions within the circadian, metabolic, and immune systems contribute to the onset of metabolic illnesses, including type 2 diabetes. This doctoral thesis aimed to examine the mutual interactions between these three systems in relation to the development of metabolic disorders. The circadian system regulates a variety of mammalian physiological processes. On the molecular level, the circadian clock is in individual cells maintained by a complex of interconnected transcription-translation feedback loops. The circadian system is hierarchically organized, consisting of the central circadian clock residing within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and of peripheral oscillators found in various organs and tissues, including the pancreas and compartments of the innate immune system such as macrophages and microglia. The central circadian clock synchronizes the peripheral oscillators via multiple pathways, including feeding- related metabolic changes to which some of the peripheral oscillators are highly sensitive. Misaligned feeding can thus induce dyssynchrony between individual peripheral oscillators. Our results show that a reverse restricted feeding (rRF) regimen, when food is available only for a limited time during the resting period of the day, has distinct effects on the circadian clocks in...
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Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis
Horáčková, Hana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Sumová, Alena (referee) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Horackova Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Frantisek Staud, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis Depression in pregnancy is an increasingly common problem and it is reported that up to 25 % of pregnant women suffer from depression and approximately 13 % are prescribed antidepressants. Currently, the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in pregnancy are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, the safety of these treatments is still controversial, as poor pregnancy outcomes such as organ malformations, increased incidence of neurological disorders, and preeclampsia have been reported in pregnant women taking antidepressants. However, knowledge of the responsible mechanisms is still lacking at present as they have not been sufficiently investigated. Although the effect of antidepressants on the availability of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine in brain tissue has been extensively characterized in the literature, the interactions of antidepressants with placental monoamine transporters have not received attention to date. However,...
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The effect of mineral water consumption on the cardiovascular system and sports performance
Marek, Max ; Slámová, Alena (advisor) ; Kudlová, Eva (referee)
The bachelor's thesis discusses mineral waters from a natural or healing mineral source. The first part of the work deals with the importance of fluids for the human organism with an emphasis on the importance for athletes. It deals with essential aspects not only in terms of quantity but above all the quality of the fluids we drink. Legislation regarding bottled waters and healing mineral waters is mentioned here. The following part of the work is a list of natural mineral waters and healing mineral waters that are on the market in the Czech Republic. The work continues with information on consumer behavior, including a chapter on possible health benefits for regular consumers. An important part of the work is also the evaluation of the significance of the individual minerals contained in these waters (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine and fluorine) and their effects in the human body, deficiency conditions for these ions and the content of these ions in specific mineral waters. The importance of mineralization of water intake for athletes is also discussed there with more details. The practical part of the work, is in the form of a short questionnaire. The practical part tried to find out what the athletes' knowledge is about the influence of the drinking regime and the quality of...
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Digital Edition of Baroque Lives of Saint Widows
Kráčmarová, Alena ; Falátková, Michaela (advisor) ; Čepelák, Jiří Augustin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the making of digital editions, one of the most prolific branches of the digital humanities. It consists of two parts, namely (a) a theoretical part, i.e., an introductory study, and (b) a practical output, i.e. a web-published digital edition of a chapter containing the lives of twelve holy widows from the work of Jiří Ferus Plachý, Dvanáctero řádu rytířův Božích obojího pohlaví v rozličných stavích jmenovitě: apoštolským, mučedlníckým, biskupským, kazatelským, královským, knížetcím, řeholním, poustevníckým, kajícím, světským, manželským, vdovským [...]. The digital edition is attached to the thesis in the form of a persistent URL link and an XML v. 1 file with the code of the edition. The theoretical part introduces digital editions and digital scholarly editions, their definition, benefits and problems, and presents the diverse editorial approaches and technologies as well as the tools used to create digital editions. It also introduces the hagiographic collection Dvanáctero řádu rytířův Božích [...] and its editor/compiler, Jiří Ferus Plachý.
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Dietary measures in irritable bowel syndrome
Leschinger, Alena ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Živný, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on dietary measures for irritable bowel syndrome. The aim of the work was to find out the eating habits of patients with this disease and to evaluate whether they follow the dietary measures recommended for this disease, to find out what the nature of the difficulties are and when the symptoms appear, and whether the patients are sufficiently educated about dietary measures. This work is based on the hypothesis that patients do not eat according to the dietary measures that are recommended for this disease, and therefore the symptoms occur more often. The research was conducted using a questionnaire survey. Patients were asked about the most common manifestations of this disease, the frequency of symptoms, their eating habits, experiences with diets, and also about the level of awareness regarding dietary measures. A total of 32 questionnaires were evaluated. The results of the research show that the majority of patients do not eat according to dietary measures. The consequence is their low awareness of dietary procedures. For most patients, symptoms occur every day or several times a week. Although patients have purposefully reduced certain foods known to cause symptoms, the frequency of symptoms is still high. Key words: irritable bowel syndrome, microbiome, dietary...
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Post-migrant theatre in FRG: the case of Schwarze Jungfrauen
Veselá, Sofie ; Emler, David (advisor) ; Zelená, Alena (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the play Schwarz Jungfrauen and its themes, which deal primarily with issues of the Islamic religion, the integration of Muslims in Germany, as well as gender and sexual issues of Islamic women. The work is based on five monologues that are part of an original script from 2006 by Feridun Zaimoglu and Günter Senkel. The first part focuses on the content analysis of the work itself. The second part of the thesis studies several reviews that were written in response to the performance of the play. The reviews are thoroughly examined with regard to the three main thematic areas mentioned above, which helps to better understand the way the play touches upon current social issues and how it is perceived by critics and the public. The thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of the issues and significance of the play in the context of contemporary society.
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Presentation, Dialog or "Verflechtung"? Communication forms in the Praxis of Goethe-Institut at the Case of Beispiel des Themenraum-Concept
Svobodová, Marie ; Zelená, Alena (advisor) ; Emler, David (referee)
This thesis explores the topic of German Foreign Cultural Work of the Goethe-Institut and aims to answer the question of whether, in accordance with the latest Foreign Office conception from 2011 and the general trend of "normalization" in German foreign policy, it tends to focus more on pursuing national interest and unilateral presentation, rather than on equal dialogue. The study first investigates this question based on available secondary and primary sources on foreign cultural policy and subsequently describes the latest trends in the communication of the Goethe-Institut. The second part of the thesis is a case study, illustrating the use of three forms of communication (presentation, dialogue, and interconnection) in the work of the Goethe-Institut, exemplified by the implementation of the Themenraum concept (theme space) that has been in use since 2016 in five Goethe- Instituts (in Prague, Warsaw, Bratislava, New York, and Riga). Interviews with employees of these institutes, their websites, and internal materials on Themenraum were analysed. These examples demonstrates that in the work of the Goethe-Institut, all these three communication formats are typically found to complement each other and form a functional whole.
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