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Formulation and (trans)dermal delivery of imiquimod
Hladký, Pavel ; Švecová, Barbora (advisor) ; Holas, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate: Pavel Hladký Consultant: PharmDr. Barbora Švecová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Formulation and (trans)dermal application of imiquimod Imiquimod (IMQ) is an active pharmaceutical substance which belongs to the group of heterocyclic imidazoquinolines. The mechanism of its effect is an induction of cellular immune response after topical administration, that is used for a treatment of tumors or viral diseases of the skin. In the Czech Republic it is available like a cream called Aldara® , the content of IMQ is 5 %. Although Aldara® is an effective medicine, many problems are associated with its use, especially high price, undesirable effects, disposable use, environmental pollution, etc. The aim of this work was to prepare new liposomes for topical administration containing lower ammount of IMQ (0.5 %) and evaluation of penetration of IMQ into human skin in vitro. To improve the entrance of the drug into the skin transdermal penetration enhancers were used. Permeation experiments were performed in Franz diffusion cells on human skin under conditions as close as possible to the physiological environment of the organism. Subsequently, the individual layers of the skin (stratum corneum, the epidermis,...
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Study of monolayer lipid models of skin barrier diseases
Doláková, Andrea ; Švecová, Barbora (advisor) ; Svačinová, Petra (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Andrea Doláková Supervisor: PharmDr. Barbora Školová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Study of lipid monolayer models of skin barrier diseases Skin protects human body from external factors and maintain internal integrity of organism. Skin barrier is formed by corneocytes and lipid matrix in intercellular space of stratum corneum, the uppermost layer of epidermis. Lipid matrix consists of ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol. The composition and organisation of lipid matrix are essential for the skin barrier properties. Ceramides are synthetized from glucosylated ceramide and sphingomyelin by hydrolitic enzymes β-glucocerebrosidase and sphingomyelinase. Insufficiency or malfunction of these enzymes lead to functionless skin barrier. The aim of this work was to prepare and study monolayer lipid models, which simulated the malfunction of sphingomyelinase in skin diseases. For valuation we used several techniques such as Langmuir monolayers, Brewster angle microscopy (at the air-liquid interface), Langmuir-Blodgett technique and atomic force microscopy. Monolayers with 100% substitution of sphingomyelin layout the most readily with rising surface pressure and the course of their isotherm is very...
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Formulation and (trans)dermal application of imiquimod
Rudecká, Kateřina ; Švecová, Barbora (advisor) ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate: Mgr. Kateřina Rudecká Consultant: PharmDr. Barbora Školová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Formulation and (trans)dermal application of imiquimod. Imiquimod (IMQ) is a compound of the class of heterocyclic imidazoquinolines. It exhibits significant immunomodulatory effects after topical dermal application, thus it is used advantageously in the treatment of various viral or neoplastic skin diseases. The traded preparation Aldara® containing 5% of the active substance IMQ has, despite its undeniable benefits in treatment, also a number of negative features: the price, the need for single use packets, side effects... The aim of this work was to formulate a stable dosage form for dermal administration of lower IMQ content (1%) and to compare the penetration and permeation rate of IMQ to human skin in vitro. To improve those qualities, permeation accelerants were used. Experiments were carried out in Franz's diffusion cells on human skin, with the aim of creating conditions as close as possible to those physiological. Using adhesive tapes, individual layers of the uppermost skin section (stratum corneum) were stripped, epidermis was separated from dermis and the treated tissue from the untreated one. The...
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Perception of the brand Nutrilon at the market with infant milk in Prague
Švecová, Barbora ; Zamazalová, Marcela (advisor) ; Koudelka, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on analysis of perception of the brand Nutrilon at the market with infant milks in Prague and on segmentation of this market. The main objective of this thesis is to find out how is Nutrilon perceived among mothers who use or used to use infant milks, according to which attributes they decide to buy milks and why they choose that particular brand. Simultaneously there are discovered and developed particular market segments which can be attractive for Nutrilon. Work consists of two parts. Theoretical part deals with consumer behavior, explains the term brand, process of the market segmentation and describes marketing research and method used in the thesis -- the questionnaire survey. In the practical part characteristics of the manufacturers that produce infant milks are described and analyzed each of their brands. Furthermore, I analyzed agency data from continuous research MML-TGI that provided Median s.r.o. At first the target group is characterized by a general analysis. Afterwards I used factor analysis to reduce variables to the factors. And then I put women into clusters based on clusters analysis. The segments are described in detail using general and contingency analysis. Primary data are gained from own research through questionnaire survey. In the conclusion of diploma thesis there are presented the results of data analysis. Based on those results there are provided appropriate marketing recommendations for Nutrilon and uncovered segments. These recommendations should help Nutrilon in the future to become number one at the market of infant milks.
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Methodology of real estate valuation + valuation of specific property with accessories in Prague 5
Švecová, Barbora ; Heřman, Jan (advisor) ; Zeman, Karel (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to explain and describe basic theoretical concepts necessary for understanding the problem of real estate valuation and methods of real estate valuation. These concepts and methods are explained and described in theoretical part. In practical part the specific property with its accessories and lands is evaluated by administrative method. For comparison, the market value of the property is determined by mean of comparison method. In conclusion both outcomes are summarized and explained.
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