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Function of hippocampal formation in avoidance of a moving object in rat
Zitta, Pavel ; Svoboda, Jan (advisor) ; Blahna, Karel (referee)
In the last decade, there has been a significant shift in hippocampal research from static tasks to dynamic environments that better model real-life animal situations in nature. At the same time, special attention has recently been paid to inhibitory parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs) that modulate hippocampal oscillations. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the role of PVIs in orientation in dynamic environments, or in behavior relative to a potential threat posed by a moving object. In this context, chemogenetic methods were used to allow experimental manipulation of PVIs. In this work, we trained transgenic PV-cre rats in a robot avoidance task. Despite intensive behavioral training, the rats appeared to learn the task only very slowly. Chemogenetic activation of PVI with substance C21 resulted only in increased locomotor activity with a stable robot. The results show that C21 does not otherwise have a major effect on rat behavior, at least not with the relatively low number of hM3Dq expressed in the PVI. Based on local potential recording (LFP) results, we further showed that PVI activation had an effect on theta frequency band power. Keywords: Behavioral task, Hippocampus, Chemogenetics, LFP, Parvalbumin, Robot
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Cortical microcircuits and synaptic transmission in epilepsy
Doležal, Filip ; Králíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
Epilepsy is a permanent predisposition of the brain to generate epileptic seizures. This widespread disease significantly impairs patients' life. Since epilepsy is defined only by its common symptoms, the research is complicated due to the variety of possible causes that can result in this disorder. Although many forms of therapy targeting different etiologies of this disorder exist, it is often challenging to select the right treatment and about one third of the patients still suffer from refractory seizures. Nevertheless, several proteins that participate in synaptic transmission and may undergo specific changes in their function have been identified. These changes in function affect both the activity of synapse and the involvement of synaptic connections in neuronal microcircuits. Microcircuits are common motifs of connections amidst excitatory and inhibitory neurons that are necessary for the transmission and processing of information in the brain. Microcircuits can be temporarily or permanently impaired by pathogenic processes on the molecular level, which may be responsible for the origination and propagation of seizures. Keywords epilepsy, ictogenesis, microcircuits, synaptic transmission
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Pharmacokinetics, systemic toxicity, and acute behavioural effects of hexahydrocannabinol (HHC)- an animal study.
Mallarino, Barbara ; Šíchová, Klára (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
The emergence of semi-synthetic cannabinoids, exemplified by hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), poses a notable public health concern. Despite its growing popularity among cannabis users, HHC remains inadequately studied in both animal models and human subjects. To this day, only a few studies examining the drug's pharmacology, toxicology, and behavioral effects have been published. The present study therefore aims to delineate the pharmacokinetic profile, acute toxicity, and behavioral effects across a spectrum of dosages (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) in Wistar rats. Two hours after oral administration, the concentration of HHC peak in both blood serum and brain tissue. Toxicity was established according to the OECD toxicity assay, where HHC was categorized as a compound of class 4 toxicity, with an estimated lethal dose of 1 g/kg in a rat model. Further, HHC exhibited dose-dependent effects on locomotor activity and anxiety levels, since high doses induced a significant reduction in locomotor activity in the Open field test, concurrent with elevated anxiety. Moreover, HHC administration impaired sensorimotor gating, as evidenced by deficits in Prepulse Inhibition, with the severity of these effects correlating positively with dosage escalation. This thesis is one of the first studies focused on the acute...
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The role of the HPA axis in the development of affective disorders
Fiedlerová, Alžběta ; Telenský, Petr (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) on the development of affective disorders. Affective disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder or Posttraumatic Stress Syndrom are serious mental illnesses that have a serious impact on the life of the individual suffering from the disorder. The HPA axis plays a key role in the adaptation of individual to stressful situations. Dysfunction of the HPA axis can significantly affect the homeostasis of the organism, due to increased or decreased levels of hormones and neurotransmitters or deregulation of the stress system. This can lead to the development of affective disorders. This thesis focuses on the analysis of the connections between the activity of the HPA axis and the emergence of affective disorders and examines the possibilities of therapeutic treatment of this axis as a potential target for the treatment of these disorders. The results of this review of individual scientific articles support the understanding of the mechanism that links the HPA axis to affective disorders and offer a perspective for future researh. Key words: HPA axis, cortisol, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder
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Behavioral phenotype of APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice model of Alzheimer's disease and a role of parvalbumin interneurons
Klausová, Tereza ; Svoboda, Jan (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is a notable burden to the contemporary society concerning not only healthcare but also economy. Its aetiology remains unknown, but we know the mechanisms of pathogenesis, which allow us to create animal models (especially mice). In this thesis, we investigate the behavioral phenotype of the frequently used APPswe/PSEN1 murine model. We find that neither six-month-old nor ten-month-old animals show impairment in anxiety (open field test and elevated plus maze) or social behavior tests (three chambre test and social interaction test) compared to controls. However, the prepulse inhibition test revealed that PPI completely disappear in Alzheimer mice, indicating a significant aberration in sensorimotoric gating. The second part of this thesis focuses on a chemogenetic study of the role of parvalbumin interneurons in Alzheimer's disease and the effect of their excitation on sociability, social memory and sensorimotor gating. Here we use the aforementioned model crossed with Pv-Cre mice, which allowed us to introduce Cre-dependent DREADDs and in this group of animals we investigated social behaviour and the presence of disturbances in sensorimotor gating. However, the results obtained so far do not provide any evidence for an effect of parvalbumin interneuron excitation on animal...
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Data Analysis on the Position of Public Transport Vehicles: A Case Study of Most and Litvínov
Zátka, Josef ; Lysák, Jakub (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with ex post (i.e. not real time) analysis of data on the position of public transport vehicles. The aim of the work is to design and implement spatio-temporal analyses of this data that will be practically applicable to real public transport networks. Their functionality is verified on data from public transport in the towns of Most and Litvínov, recorded during October 2023. The data is a point record with information about the location of the vehicle, the time and date of recording, the line number, the final stop, the last passed stop, the azimuth and speed of the vehicle movement and its delay. A total of 5 analyses are proposed. The first two analyses deal with the possibilities of effective control of the input data, within them algorithms for positional and attribute control of data are presented. The third analysis monitors and evaluates the spatiotemporal differentiation of delays, focusing on trends in the distribution of delays along the routes of individual lines over time of day and over longer time scales. The fourth analysis looks at the occurrence of delays at individual stops. The final analysis studies the reliability of transfers between public transport links at interchanges. The proposed methods were implemented through scripts written in the Python...
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Tool design for production of springs for an organ
Svoboda, Jakub ; Osička, Karel (referee) ; Kalivoda, Milan (advisor)
This thesis focuses on a design for a machined bending fixture to enable the production of valve springs for organs. The reason for choosing this topic was the need to perfect the existing process of making organ springs. The main problem with the original fixture was the poor quality of the spring thread. Valve springs have varying properties and parameters that determine the requirements for the fixture. A 3D model of the complete fixture was created based on the author’s ideas and these requirements. Calculations were then made for a spring of specific dimensions. These calculations showed that the proposed size of the crank is adequate to enable it to be turned by the human hand. A force of 28 N is required at the end of the crank arm to exert the bending torque required to properly thread the spring. This figure is lower than the tabular values for the general European working population. This implies that the crank arm has the designed proportional length. To calculate the same specific spring and verify the function of the fixture, software simulation was also used. When creating the model, in addition to the calculations and simulation, an experiment was also conducted to verify the function and the main idea of the fixture, which is to bend with additional tensile stress. The result of the experiment was a spring that was subsequently compared with a spring produced using the original fixture. The marked difference in the appearance of the thread proved that the author’s idea was correct. The entire fixture and its components are described in detail in the thesis. The comprehensive design of the fixture in the form of a 3D model is prepared for consultation in an organ-making workshop and then for use in production.
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Detached family house, Trnava
Svoboda, Jan ; Vlach, František (referee) ; Müller, Jan (advisor)
The present Bachelor’s thesis deals with the design of a house in the municipality of Trnava near Zlín. It is a two-storey house with a built-in garage on the first above-ground floor. The house was designed for a four-member family. On the first above-ground floor there is a north-facing hall that adjoins a garage and a staircase area. The open-concept kitchen-living room faces south. The basement of the house represents the living area and it locates a west-facing bathroom of the children, a boiler room, and an east-facing bathroom of the parents. Three bedrooms, two for the children and one for the parents, face south. The peripheral wall constructions are made of surface-ground ceramic brick with external thermal insulation composite system. The horizontal structure is made of reinforced concrete monolithic plate. The building has a pent roof with the slope of 5°. The Bachelor’s thesis is made in the form of detail design documentation.
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Vacation property in stand-alone mode
Svoboda, Jan ; Martinec, Jiří (referee) ; Suk, Ladislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the supply of electricity for remote vacation property. It addresses the issue of how each technology of alone systems are applied to a particular object, as well as their financial page. At the end are technologies compared and the most suitable one is recommended.
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