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Political trials of the 1950s: a case study
Svoboda, David ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Blažek, Lukáš (referee)
81 Political trials of the 1950s - a concrete case study (The Babice Case) Abstract The subject of the thesis "Political Trials of the 1950s - a Specific Case Study", subtitled The Babice Case, was a description of the application of the general tools of political persecution used in the Czechoslovak Republic in the 1950s to the specific case of the shooting at the Babice school and the subsequent political trials. Also significant is the aim of placing the political trials in Czechoslovakia in the context of the times and the international political situation, which played an important role in the Babice case. The first chapter of the thesis formulates the aims of the thesis and the background on which it is based. The second chapter of the thesis describes the significance of the political processes and the general background of their organisation. An important part of Chapter 2 of the thesis is a description of the legal framework for the conduct of political trials, focusing both on substantive aspects, such as the newly defined offences, and on procedural issues, especially the limitations on the rights of the accused. The legal biennium, an initiative aimed at changing the legal system to reflect the needs and ideology of the Communist Party, is also described as a significant phenomenon. The third...
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Status of the Slovak National Council
Maule, Jakub ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
The Position of the Slovak National Council Abstract This master's thesis deals with the topic of the status of the Slovak National Council, the circumstances of its establishment, operation and demise, which go far beyond the time period of the Slovak National Council's existence, its highly dynamic development between 1943 and 1992, its influence on the state legal system and other matters related to the Slovak National Council's operation, and overall summarises the development of Slovak parliamentarism in all its stages since the establishment of the Czechoslovakia in October 1918. The aim of this thesis is to map the position of the Slovak National Council, both in its resistance period during the era of the Slovak state and in its political activity during the existence of the unitary Czechoslovak state, or the Czechoslovak federation, and to explain some of the contexts affecting the Slovak National Council, either directly or indirectly. The thesis draws on legal, historical and legal-historical literature, contemporary sources, legal norms, interviews with personalities influencing the Slovak National Council and records of meetings of state or party political bodies. The thesis also aims to illustrate the noticeable changes of the Slovak National Council depending on the circumstances that...
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An attempt to newly codify civil law in Czechoslovakia before the Second World War
Vlček, Jan ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Blažek, Lukáš (referee)
An attempt to newly codify civil law in Czechoslovakia before the Second World War This master's thesis explores the attempt to create a new codification of civil law in the Czechoslovak Republic before World War II. First and foremost, the thesis provides an overview of the historical context, serving as the foundation for the reformation of civil law. It does so by examining the existing regulations of civil law in Cisleithania and Transleithania, including their progressive amendments. From the outset, the thesis attempts to outline the willingness, or rather openness, of the legal community to potential changes, primarily within the ABGB. Emphasis is placed on the need to unify regulations in the newly formed republic, which faced various civil law regulations, known as legal dualism or trialism. It was equally essential to adapt civil law to modern societal and economic needs. Furthermore, the thesis explores various possible forms of codification and legal unification, ranging from a mild revision of the ABGB to the creation of an entirely new legal code. The thesis also describes and evaluates the intended approaches to legal unification, introducing the role of the Ministry of Unification for this purpose. At this point, the thesis seeks to better understand and present the approaches of...
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Development of the British Parliament from 1707 to 1901
Jandus, Jakub ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Seltenreich, Radim (referee)
Development of the British Parliament from 1707 to 1901 The subject of this thesis is the process of development of the British Parliament from the unification of the Kingdom of England and Scotland and the creation of Great Britain in 1707 until the end of the rule of Queen Victoria in 1901. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the British political system of the 18th century, explain the relationship between parliament and other branches of power, describe the parliamentary reforms in the 19th century and the related composition of the upper and lower house of parliament. Last but not least, the thesis deals with the emergence of a constitutional monarchy in relation to the British Parliament. The first chapter deals with the first half of the 18th century, describes the reign of Queen Anne, during which the Acts of Union 1707 were passed, and the Treaty of Utrecht was approved. The chapter also includes the accession of the Hanoverian dynasty to the British throne and the emergence of the institution of Prime Minister. The second chapter deals with the second half of the 18th century, especially the reign of King George III. and his efforts to expand royal power and restore the monarch's influence over his ministers. Furthermore, this chapter contains issues related to the rise of...
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The period of the Third Czechoslovak Republic in the context of international agreements and international politics
Czapek, Alexandr ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Blažek, Lukáš (referee)
The Third Czechoslovak Republic Period in the Context of International Contracts and International Politics This thesis titled "The Third Czechoslovak Republic Period in the Context of International Contracts and International Politics" is divided into a total of five chapters. In the first chapter, or rather in its theoretical part, the author first defines the observed period of 1938-1948 and then defines the legal institutes with which he works in the thesis. In the second chapter of the thesis, the author describes the period of the so-called Second Republic and its political development. In the third chapter of the diploma thesis, the author describes the activities of the Czechoslovak authorities in foreign exile. In this chapter, he discusses the steps of the foreign resistance directing the Czechoslovak government in exile and the process leading to the denunciation of the Munich Agreement. In the last part of this chapter, the author discusses the influence of communist members of parliament on foreign resistance, the improvement of relations with the Soviet Union, President Beneš's visit in Moscow and the negotiation of an alliance agreement between Czechoslovakia and the USSR. In the fourth chapter of the diploma thesis, the author deals in detail with the so-called Potsdam Conference....
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Historical development of legal regulation of register keeping and surnames in the Czech lands
Poledno, Jan ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
Historical development of legal regulation of register keeping and surnames in the Czech lands This thesis examines the legal regulation of register keeping and surnames in the Czech lands from the start of keeping records and the use of surnames up until the current legal regulation, Act No. 301/2000 Coll., on Civil Registers, Names and Surnames and on Amendments to Certain Related Acts (hereinafter referred to as the "Act on Civil Registers of 2000"). In terms of historical legislation, the thesis focuses in detail on the Imperial Patent of 20 February 1784, on keeping registers of births, marriages and deaths by parish authorities (hereafter referred to as the "Registries Patent of 1784"); Act No. 268/1949 Coll., on Civil Registers (hereinafter referred to as the "1949 Act on Civil Registers") and Act No. 55/1955 Coll., on the Use and Change of Names and Surnames (hereinafter referred to as the "Names and Surnames Act of 1950"). The first part of the thesis provides a definition of the terms 'register' and 'surname.' The second part describes the development of the concepts of registers and surnames. The third part of the thesis gives an explanation of the legal regulation of registers and surnames in the period of church dominance, i.e. until the year 1784, and deals exclusively with church...
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Legal Aspects of the changes in theater industry in Czechoslovakia After World War II
Šustová, Kateřina ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Blažková, Tereza (referee)
Legal Aspects of the changes in theater industry in Czechoslovakia After World War II After World War II (in May 1945), Czechoslovakian theaters were reopened. The so-called theater revolution began, during which the theater industry in Czechoslovakia experienced fundamental changes in organizational structure. Despite the efforts of Austria-Hungary and the First Czechoslovak Republic, this space was still regulated by the Theater Act of November 25, 1850 (Ministry of the Interior law No. 454/1850). There were also plans to consolidate the regulation of the theater industry in Czechoslovakia, as Hungarian legal article XXXI had been in effect since 1848 in Slovakia. This was a different (and even older) legal regulation than the one in Bohemia. This work explores the legal considerations of the aforementioned reorganization of theaters. The main goal of the research is to describe how the pre-World War II regulatory environment affected the evolution of theater industry regulation thereafter, including mapping out any significant path dependencies. A comparative analysis of individual provisions was used to address the research question of how the Theater Act of 1948 differed from previous legislation and historical drafts of theater regulations. This work subsequently addresses the regulatory...
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Local People Courts (1961-1970) - Socialist Experiment inTheory and Practice
Špergl, Jindřich ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee) ; Salák, Pavel (referee)
LOCAL PEOPLE COURTS (1961-1970) - SOCIALIST EXPERIMENT IN THEORY AND PRACTICE. Abstract The dissertation deals with the Local People's Courts (LPC), which were the basic element of the judicial system of Czechoslovakia between 1961 and 1970. After defining the historical and ideological reasons for the LPC, including a reference to their predecessors, the Comrades Courts, the work also deals with the legal regulation of these courts. Here is outlined the way they were set up, their composition, their jurisdiction and the procedure before them. After describing the legal framework of the LPC, there follows a list of the factual deficiencies of it such as uncertainty in a number of legal questions, the participation of a laic element only in decision-making and the inequality of the offenders in the LPC system. Part of the work captures the LPC periodical evaluation in the professional press as well as the authorities of the ruling Communist Party. The last theoretical part of the work is devoted to the abrogation of LPC and its reasons. The theoretical part is followed by the practical part, which is a probe into the life of LPC in one region. This provides a comparison between theory and practice. Based on authentic archive materials, it provides insight into the decision-making practice and internal...
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Ideal or mirror? Principles and ideas of the May 9 Constitution and the 1960 Constitution and their reflection in criminal and civil law
Blažková, Tereza ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
- Ideal or mirror? Principles and ideas of the May 9 Constitution and the 1960 Constitution and their reflection in criminal and civil law. Presented thesis entitled "Ideal or mirror? The principles and ideas of the Constitution of May 9 and the Constitution of 1960 and their reflection in criminal and civil law" deals with the issue of constitutional development on the territory of Czechoslovakia after 1945. The work has several levels. It examines the role of the constitution in the process of creating other legal regulations and asks questions about the role of the constitution in society in relation to its ideological anchoring. It also focuses on examining the influence of communist ideology in constitutional law, especially in the process of adopting the constitution. The work also affects the role of constitutional values within the codification processes that followed the adoption of the May 9th Constitution and the 1960 Constitution. Criminal law and civil law were chosen as examples of these codification processes. Conceptually, the work is divided into four basic chapters. The first part of the thesis includes the definition of the topic, including the methodology, and also outlines the sources and materials used for the preparation of the dissertation. Due to the definition of the...
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Legal regulation of the end of marriage by divorce during the years 1918 - 1963 in comparison with the current legal regulation
Rubriciusová, Anna ; Šouša, Jiří (advisor) ; Kuklík, Jan (referee)
1 Legal regulation of the end of marriage by divorce during the years 1918 - 1963 in comparison with the current legal regulation Abstract This thesis deals with the historical development of divorce law in the Czech lands and the comparison with the current legislation. The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse the legal regulations of the termination of marriage by divorce and separation mainly between 1918 and 1963 in a comprehensive and clear manner. The thesis captures the significant changes that have taken place in the law of divorce and separation and seeks to approach not only the substantive law but also the procedural law. The author based her work on specialist literature, case law, contemporary texts, substantive and procedural law, documents from the Prague City Archives and foreign language literature. The sources show what changes the transformation of the legal regulation of marriage has achieved and also what improvements in the legal regulation can be achieved. For a proper interpretation of the thesis, the concepts related to divorce, separation and divorce law are defined in the introduction of the first chapter. The first part of the thesis further deals with the development of the legal regulation of separation and divorce, among other things, the first documented termination...
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