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Afghanistan's Geopolitical and Geostrategic Importance for International Security: A Great Game Theory Analysis of Its Role Across Three Centuries
Barna, Edries ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
Geostrategická a geopolitická poloha Afghánistánu v euroasijském regionu vedla k tomu, že země hraje klíčovou roli v mezinárodní bezpečnosti již od svého vzniku v 19. století. Vzhledem k tomu, že se země nachází v epicentru tvrdé konkurence mezi velmocemi, ovlivnila mnoho aspektů mezinárodní bezpečnosti. V této kvalitativní studii, která byla ovlivněna teorií velkých her, výzkumník záměrně vybral jednotlivce s prožitými zkušenostmi v Afghánistánu a poté s nimi provedl rozhovor. Kromě pozorování účastníků a dokumentární analýzy/historické analýzy byly hlavními zjištěními studie, že Afghánistán má geostrategický význam v mezinárodní bezpečnosti a je významný díky své poloze na křižovatce jižní Asie a Střední Asie. Také přítomnost sítí Talibanu a Al-Káidy má hluboký dopad na mírovou situaci nejen v Afghánistánu, ale také v jeho sousedních regionech, a zahraniční intervence v Afghánistánu, regionální i globální, formovaly kulturní, politické a ekonomické život místního obyvatelstva s regionálními a nadregionálními pravomocemi, využívání abnormálních politických a ekonomických podmínek a slabosti nelidových vlád ve svůj prospěch. Současní političtí vůdci navíc čelí obrovským výzvám při zajišťování míru a stability v zemi, potýkají se s vnitřními konflikty a nedostatkem současných diplomatických znalostí. V...
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Europe's strategy for Tech Security in the Era of Raw Critical Materials
Štěpánek, Vojtěch ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
This diploma thesis is a single case study focusing on the European Union's approach to the issue of critical materials as a security concern. Critical raw materials will play an increasingly important role in Europe due to the ambitious Green Deal policy. The technologies necessary to address environmental challenges require a significant share of materials identified as critical in Europe. However, the problem is that most of these materials are concentrated in unstable and undemocratic regimes, which may pose strategic rivals. This creates a threat that supplier states may use critical materials as a tool of power and thus jeopardize the economic security of European Union countries. This thesis examines critical materials as a phenomenon, analyzes their criticality and relationship to technologies. It further conducts an analysis of selected critical materials and their risks, particularly about the nature of supplier states. The final chapter addresses the European strategy in this area and describes how critical materials affect strategic technologies.
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The Influence of Corporatism on State Security in (South)East Asian States
Mališ, Jan ; Karmazin, Aleš (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
In the world of politics, and anything that surrounds it, any kind of outcome gets decided, in huge part, by the influences it went through, it absorbed and which it stood in opposition to. One of the most cited and talked about influence-paths are those of the economy of a state and how it influences other parts of the state. One aspect of such a phenomenon we can look at can be how the economic sectors are set up in the state - more specifically, how the corporate framework of a state looks, and how this economic part of the state influences the state's security policy, in particular its grand strategic policy. For the analysis of this occurrence, we have chosen 4 countries in Southeast and East Asia, more specifically those that display a single ruling, dominant party for most of its modern history - Singapore, Japan, The PRC (China), and Vietnam. Each nation offers different unique peculiarities, that make each analytical chapter differ in many instances, which then get distilled into a final chapter, with a spectrum for each corporate framework. Japan and China land on opposite ends of the spectrum with Japan showing the most societal corporate system, and China the most statist-authoritarian one. Both Singapore and Vietnam share a "mixture" of these two extremes. Following upon this...
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Russia and the (De)colonization of International Law
Miles, Aram ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Snitar, Corina (referee)
This thesis presents a postcolonial content analysis of the Situations in Georgia and Ukraine. ICC prosecutors, for the first time in their organization's history, issued numerous arrest warrants for Russian nationals in the year following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. By looking for the presence, remnants or absence of Russia's structural advantage in the procedure of these two emerging cases, we can make claims, under the TWAIL theoretical framework, about the current state of Russian structural power, including any signs of trends. This thesis demonstrates that, while Russian structural authority is currently waning more than gaining, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether a larger power transition is taking place or whether international law alone is theoretically capable of accomplishing this.
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European Union and FRONTEX: A Civil-Security Relations Analysis
Netopil, Petr ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
This research focuses on the Civil-Security Relations between the EU and its border agency, FRONTEX. Relationships between the state and its border guards vary wildly in space and time in terms of the level of militarization, which is why this thesis set out to define the situation of the EU's first uniformed and armed service. A single case study was used, as FRONTEX as a transnational border agency is a deviant case. This research creates a typology of security services within the state and then places FRONTEX within it. In the discussion that follows, the relationship between the EU and FRONTEX seems to be matched best by the relationship between a state and its gendarmerie, though the police force is also very close. Furthermore, there are exceptions where the agency behaves more like an army or a civilian service. In terms of real-world analogues, it tracks most closely with the relationships between Latvia, Finland, and their respective border guards.
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Strategic Narratives in Sino-European Relations
Webrová, Nina ; Karmazin, Aleš (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the presentation of strategic narratives by various European Union (EU) institutions towards the People's Republic of China (PRC), with a particular focus on developments between 2012 and 2022. The core of the research was an analysis of EU strategy and foreign policy documents on China. The aim is not only to identify different EU strategic narratives towards the PRC, but also to analyse how these narratives envisage EU-China strategic engagement, how they evolve over time, how they differ across institutions, and what the dynamics of different narratives within EU institutions are. The first part of the thesis provides the context of current Chinese and European narratives and explains the theoretical and methodological framework used. The second (main) part of the thesis is an analysis of EU policy communications on China. The key finding is that there are inconsistencies and sometimes even contradictions between the narratives used by different EU institutions, and that there is no single vision for EU-China strategic engagement. The evolution of each narrative over time has also been very different. Such inconsistency hampers the EU's efforts to present a coherent strategic approach vis-à-vis China. This, in turn, can arguably weaken the EU's ability to...
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Causes of Civil Wars: The Influence of Natural Resurces Extractive Technologies on the Probability of Civil War Outbreak
Klosek, Kamil ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
This study aimed to provide more general knowledge about the mechanisms which link natural resources with civil war outbreaks. The theoretical point of departure was the feasibility hypothesis hypothesis of Collier et al. (2009) in which the authors state that the paramount interest of researchers of civil wars should be directed at the structural conditions within a country. One of their assertions pertained to the role of natural resources. Those provide a potential revenue source for insurgents to finance their rebellion. Hence, the higher the dependence of a state on natural resource exports, the higher should be the probability of civil war outbreak. However, this account was heavily criticized by other researchers. Some claimed that the conceptualization of the Primary Commodity Exports (PCE) variable does not cover relevant natural resources (Fearon 2005), others pointed at the problem of reversed causality and endogeneity (Gleditsch 1998) and also others stressed to differentiate between different natural resources according to their proneness to be looted by rebels (Ross 2003). In order to address these problems, a new variable was conceptualized. The "extraction feasibility" variable measures the degree of extractability of a particular resource. It is composed of two notions, namely...
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