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THE ROLES OF PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES IN ADDRESSING MARITIME SECURITY THREATS
Bello, Maryam Tejumola ; Bureš, Oldřich (vedoucí práce) ; Foradori, Paolo (oponent)
This study delves into the operational nuances, challenges, and effectiveness of Private Maritime Security Companies (PMSCs) across three significant maritime zones: the Gulf of Guinea, the Gulf of Aden, and the Straits of Malacca. Utilising a qualitative research design, including a case study approach, the research sources information predominantly from document analysis and web-based data mining. Within these maritime domains, PMSCs face diverse challenges, from navigating sociocultural intricacies and geopolitical dynamics to contending with logistical and regulatory obstacles. The research uncovers that the operational strategies of PMSCs are profoundly shaped by each zone's historical, geographical, and socio- political landscape. For instance, the Straits of Malacca demands agility due to its bustling maritime activities, while the Gulf of Aden's expansive nature necessitates advanced technological integration and collaboration. In contrast, the Gulf of Guinea's complex socio- economic environment compels PMSCs to adopt multifaceted security approaches. The study evaluates the effectiveness of these PMSCs based on various indicators, including their rate of successful operations and adherence to international standards. A comparative lens reveals that PMSC effectiveness is intrinsically...
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Dynamics of EU Borders Externalization Policies in Libya. An Evaluation of the Support to Integrated Border and Migration Management in Libya.
Spinnicchia, Chiara ; Nisbet, Jolan (vedoucí práce) ; Foradori, Paolo (oponent)
The management of migration has become a critical challenge for the European Union (EU) as mixed migratory flows continue to impact its borders. The EU has adopted an externalization strategy to address this complex issue, collaborating with non-EU countries to manage migration and secure its borders. Among these countries, Libya has emerged as a significant partner in the EU's efforts to address the humanitarian crisis unfolding in the Central Mediterranean region. This research investigates the dynamics and effectiveness of the EU's externalization strategy, focusing on the implementation of the Integrated Border and Migration Management (IBM) project in Libya. The study adopts an analytical framework for policy evaluation that assesses three crucial dimensions of the implementation of the IBM project: "goal achievement," "good governance," and "sustainability." The findings reveal both the achievements and shortcomings of the IBM project. Positive outcomes, such as increased apprehensions and the establishment of a Libyan search and rescue region, are evident. However, concerns arise regarding its long-term effectiveness, adherence to human rights standards, and limited transparency. To address these challenges, the study proposes recommendations for policy development. A comprehensive approach...
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