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Fundamental human rights and freedoms in a state of emergency
Štěpánek, Matěj ; Hřebejk, Jiří (advisor) ; Kudrna, Jan (referee)
1 Fundamental human rights and freedoms in a state of emergency Abstract The subject of this thesis is a description of the institute of the state of emergency and its impact on specific fundamental human rights and freedoms defined in Section 5 of Act No. 240/2000 Coll. on Crisis Management (Crisis Act). The first chapter compares the state of emergency with the state of war, state of national emergency, state of danger and state of pandemic emergency. It also includes a discussion of the circumstances surrounding the adoption of the Pandemic Act and concludes with a historical perspective on states of emergency. The second chapter discusses each case of state of emergency - the 2002 floods, the 2006 floods, Hurricane Kyrill 2007, the 2013 floods, the covid pandemic and the war in Ukraine. For specific states of emergency, the reason for their declaration and a list of the fundamental rights that have been restricted are described. The third chapter describes the instruments that interfere with fundamental rights and freedoms, of which the most space is devoted to government crisis measures, including a discussion of their substantive nature and the related judicial review. The subsection on emergency measures of the Ministry of Health elaborates on the principle of reservation of the law enshrined in...
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Forensic Odorology
Kosová, Lenka ; Dvořák, Marek (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
Forensic odorology Abstract The topic of this thesis is forensic odorology. Attention is paid mainly to the method of olfactory identification, which uses the olfactory abilities of service dogs. This method allows to achieve individual identification of a person and therefore it is currently the only method of odour identification used by law enforcement authorities in criminal investigations and is also recognised as a means of evidence in criminal proceedings. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the method of odour identification, both from a criminalistic and criminal law perspective. The thesis has two sub-objectives. The first sub-objective is to describe, analyse and critically evaluate the procedures used in the securing of scent traces, in the taking of an odour sample of a person and in the comparison. The second sub-objective is an analysis of the legal regulation of the method of odour identification as a means of evidence in criminal proceedings, a critical evaluation of this legal regulation and also an analysis of the court case law concerning the method of odour identification. The research methods used in this thesis are mainly description and analysis. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the concept of forensic odorology, its classification within...
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The legitimacy of instruments to equalise women's representation in politics
Plachetková, Klára ; Antoš, Marek (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
The legitimacy of instruments to equalise women's representation in politics Abstract The thesis deals with the justification of instruments for equal representation of women in politics. It is based on the fact, that the representation of women in political decision-making in the Czech Republic is consistently low and that gender equality would be achieved in decades through natural development. Considering the instruments introduced abroad, it examines the legitimacy of gender candidate quotas and the criteria for such justification. The first part of the thesis examines the constitutional principle of equality and its articulation, introduces the concepts of formal and substantive equality and equality of opportunity and outcome, and shows how the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic perceives this principle. The second part of the thesis deals with discrimination, i.e. violation of the principle of equal treatment. It introduces the issue of suspect classification, the Constitutional Court's perception of accessory and non-accessory equality and also introduces the concepts of direct and indirect discrimination. The main theme of the second part of this chapter is then the suspect classification of sex, where the thesis explains the difference between sex and gender, which are key concepts related...
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Clay architecture in Provence
Pániková, Natália ; Achten, Henri (referee) ; Kaftan, Martin (advisor)
Huge extremes in weather behavior in past years make me thinking closer to the climate changes architecture. An architecture that can bring better living. As for the specific area of interest I choose Provence in France, where the weather is extreme in comparison with other parts of France and temperatures are increasing every day. In this region hot weather was always present, but in modern standards, comfort zone of indoor space is rather unsatisfactory and modern houses are normally equiped with air conditioning from the beginning. The need for this is a global problem of rising temperatures as well as change in building the houses. In history houses were build from noble limestone material which thermal capacity was able to keep indoor cooler for longer time in summer and also warm inside longer in winter. Nowadays, there is shortage of the limestone, thnaks to which its price is rising and socialy lower layers of society choose the much less expensive option - concrete in its poured version - for appartment buildings or as concrete blocks for single houses. Provence is a region where we can to the contrary expect many changes in the future. And it is not only rising temperatures, but also abnormal extreme weather or rising level of the sea, due to global weather cycles.
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Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with gradient structure in crosslinking density
Ščotková, Romana ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
The presented thesis introduce one of the many possibilities for the physical preparation of PVA hydrogels with a gradient in the crosslinking density. Based on the research conducted, the main focus of which was the preparation methods of gradient hydrogels and the characterization of their properties, a cyclic freezing and thawing method was selected and optimized with a focus on the selected preparation parameters. The next step was to perform pilot experiments leading to the confirmation and characterization of the resulting gradient structure by selected instrumental techniques such as rheology, scanning electron microscopy or a method based on monitoring the loss of dispersion during drying of the samples. In addition to the confirmation of the gradient structure, one of the parameters studied was the effect of the addition of polysaccharide on the resulting mechanical properties. Gradient hydrogels with different molecular weights or biopolymer additions were compared in the second part of the experimental work based on diffusion experiments using methylene blue. At the end of the work, all the results obtained were discussed and additional measurements were proposed for a deeper understanding of the subject.
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Public spaces in fast-developing Wola district of Warsaw - adaptive reuse in search for a local center
Ramirez Venegas, Ana Paula ; Wasilkowska, Alexandra (referee) ; Kepiński, Kacper Ignacy (advisor)
The Wola district, situated on the western fringe of downtown Warsaw, stands as an unmistakable testament to the city’s evolution. It embodies a vibrant blend of its industrial past and contemporary urbanism. Once a vibrant industrial hub spurred by railroad construction and postwar reconstruction, Wola has metamorphosed into a dynamic landscape marked by towering skyscrapers and high-end residential enclaves. Despite this, there are clear echoes of its industrial legacy in the repurposed facades of former factories, now buzzing hubs of commercial and cultural activity. The diploma project’s focus is on the rejuvenation of Kercelak, a once bustling marketplace and square that thrived from 1867 to 1947. Kercelak has a rich historical significance. However, it has succumbed to the tide of gentrification, and as a result, its communal spaces are neglected amidst the surge of modern investments. The project will breathe new life into these abandoned public realms through adaptive reuse and thoughtful design interventions. It will foster community engagement and connectivity. The project will create inclusive and accessible public spaces that transcend the dominance of vehicular traffic and gentrified enclaves. It will seamlessly integrate historical legacies, post-war housing, and contemporary developments to forge a cohesive, functional, and visually continuous spatial continuum. The project will not only revitalize Kercelak but also foster a sense of belonging and cohesion among its diverse inhabitants.
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Baugruppe in Rosice u Brna
Vantová, Klaudia ; Navrátil, Václav (referee) ; Suchánek, Radek (advisor)
This thesis is concerned with designing an architectural solution for housing that merges individual needs with community support. It draws on insights into the growing individualism and loneliness in contemporary society, as well as the tradition of home ownership and its impact on perceptions of safety in homes. The thesis aims to identify ways to create an environment that promotes sharing and community bonds while respecting the need for privacy. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
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HOW TO MOVE ON WHEN THE STATION IS GONE?
Jálová, Kateřina ; Illéš, Juraj (referee) ; Zemánková, Helena (advisor)
The diploma thesis is based on the pre-diploma project, which deals with the vacant buildings after the railway is moved from the center of Brno to the newly proposed location of the transport hub according to the KAM study. The diploma project focuses specifically on the heritage-listed building of the Brno main railway station. The aim is to find a suitable function for this building and to integrate it into the context between the historic center and the newly built southern quarter. The proposal also solves the building's surroundings, which include the area of the vacant railway track and the station forecourt with its complex traffic situation, which has been one of the least popular public spaces in the city for many years.
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Influence of content of organic matter and calcium on immobilization of pharmaceuticals in soil
Kotradyová, Viktória ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This thesis aimed to highlight the problem of antibiotics and their presence in nature, particularly tetracycline. High global consumption, limited metabolism in the body and incomplete degradation in wastewater treatment plants represent the reasons why pharmaceuticals have been found in the environment. Their presence might have a negative impact on the natural ecosystem, including humans. Therefore, addressing their behaviour and finding solutions for their removal from nature seems important. The soil itself has a self-cleaning capacity, which may immobilise these pollutants into organic structures to prevent their subsequent migration. The presence of inorganic cations in soil plays an essential role in the sorption process of antibiotics. Calcium ions from the soil with whom the tetracycline forms chelate complexes, should be also taken into account. Regarding the practical part, tetracycline interactions with soil systems were studied in both sorption and desorption experiments. Four soils with different amounts of organic matter and calcium have been examined. Tetracycline was extensively adsorbed to all four soils. Desorption processes showed low efficiency and refer to stable adsorption onto soil. The experimental data were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, where the second mentioned is suitable for three of the four soils. Subsequently, sorption and desorption experiments were conducted in four different pH buffers (3, 5, 7 and 10). The effect of pH on sorption was not significant, however during desorption at lower pH higher desorbed levels of tetracycline were observed. Photodegradation of tetracycline in solution was investigated to determine the rate of degradation of tetracycline on light, where the results indicated that the concentration decreased by 22 % after 29 days compared to the applied concentration. Quantitative analysis was carried out using UV-VIS spectroscopy and liquid chromatography. In addition, the soil spectra of the FTIR were measured to obtain information on the sorption mechanism
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The Ideal City Ostrava: The Gap on Masaryk Square
Daňová, Barbora ; Štefková, Barbora (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor)
The gap area on Masaryk Square has been a neglected long time. Nowdays it looks unaesthetic. The location is significant, because it is placed in the historical center of the city. It is ideal for design of a representative building that will attract visitors with its modern concept and also with a reference to history of the city. The architectural design responds to the surrounding development and functionally it reacts to the issue of lack of housing in the center of Ostrava. It is an apartment building with public commercial space in the first two floors. A courtyard is designed in the center of the area, and it remains open to the public. The design is attractive for its modern view on traditional architecture. The building supports the current architecture in Ostrava and also reinforces the historical meaning of the place as a unit.
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