Original title: Metabolismus methioninu a jeho role v buněčných procesech u Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Translated title: Metabolism of methionine and its role in cellular processes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Authors: Pavelková, Eliška ; Zikánová, Blanka (advisor) ; Žáčková Suchanová, Jiřina (referee)
Document type: Bachelor's theses
Year: 2015
Language: cze
Abstract: [cze] [eng]
Methionin je proteinogenní aminokyselina, kterou kvasi k , a rozdíl od sav ů, dokáží v případě jejího edostatku s tetizovat. Methio i je pro uňku epostradatel ý i z toho důvodu, že je výchozí molekulou pro S-Ade os l ethio i AdoMet . Te se účast í ios téz další h olekul, jako jsou apříklad pol a i e o ioti . AdoMet je do ore eth lové skupi při tra s eth lač í h reak í h protei ů a lipidů, čí ž se podílí a regula i elé řad u ěč ý h pro esů. Ačkoliv kvasi k ohou ethio i s tetizovat, je pro ě z e ergeti kého hlediska výhod ější přij out ho z e tra elulár ího prostředí. E tra elulár í ko e tra e ethio i u ted ovlivňuje e presi per eáz podílejí í h se a jeho tra sportu do uňk a zároveň ovlivňuje biosyntézu methioninu. Intracelulární dostupnost methio i u je o itorová a thiola í tRNA a a základě ožství thiolova é tRNA je pozitiv ě ovlivňová růst uňk a stár utí. Negativ ě je ovlivňová a ios téza methioninu, míra translace a metabolismus uhlíku. Nedáv o lo zjiště o, že za určitý h pod í ek u Saccharomyces cerevisiae nedostatek methioninu i dukuje autofagii ezávisou a hladově í a dusík, výraz ě zpo aluje růst a prodlužuje dožití u ěk. Studium úlohy methioninu v u ěč ý h pro ese h ůže v udou u přispět k lepší u po hope í dějů spoje ý h i s procesem stárnutí u lidí. Klíčová slova: Methionin, Saccharomyces... Methionine is a proteinogenic amino acid which can be in case of its lack synthesize by yeast, in contrast to mammals. Methionine is also indispensable for cells because it is a precursor molecule for S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). AdoMet participates in a biosynthesis of other molecules such as polyamines or biotin. AdoMet is a donor of a methyl group in transmethylation reactions of proteins and lipids. Due to this fact, AdoMet is involved in regulation of a variety of cellular processes. Although yeast can synthesize methionine, from energy point of view, it is more advantageous to take accept methionine from the extracellular environment. Extracellular methionine concentration also affects the expression of permeases involved in its transport into the cell and methionine biosynthesis. Intracellular availability of methionine is monitored by tRNA thiolation. Cell growth and aging is positively influenced based on the amount of thiolated tRNA. Methionine biosynthesis, translation rate and carbohydrate metabolism are negatively influenced. Recently, it has been found out that under certain conditions, lack of methionine induces non nitrogen starvation autophagy, rapidly decreases growth rate and extend life-span of cells in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Study of the role of methionine in the cellular...
Keywords: aging; autophagy; growth; methionine; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; methionin; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; stárnutí,autofágie,růst

Institution: Charles University Faculties (theses) (web)
Document availability information: Available in the Charles University Digital Repository.
Original record: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/63269

Permalink: http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332419


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Universities and colleges > Public universities > Charles University > Charles University Faculties (theses)
Academic theses (ETDs) > Bachelor's theses