Otázka výkladu mytologie Starověkého Egypta. Strukturalistická analýza Příběhu o dvou bratrech a Astartina papyru

Pehal, Martin

The work is divided into Part I and Part II. In Part I the author summarises the scholarly methods applied by Egyptology for interpreting ancient Egyptian mythological material - the euhemeristic (historicising) method and the theory developed by the Myth-Ritual school. He shows their main weaknesses and concludes that the historicising method is reductionistic and that the Myth-Ritual school is mistaken in its view of the type of connection between myths and rituals. He states that the structuralist tradition seems to avoid the pitfalls of these two methods. Part II is dedicated to a practical application of the structuralist method on ancient Egyptian mythological material - namely on the so-called Astarte papyrus. The author starts with summarising all the relevant literature published on the papyrus and gives its chronological overview. A theoretical summary of the basic principles and methods of the structuralist theory as proposed by Lévi-Strauss follows. Since his theory in its pure form contains several fallacies, he also presents the objections (relevant to his topic) which directed towards the structuralist method and explains how other scholars (especially Edmund Leach and Terence Turner) have managed to cope with these fallacies, modifying the structuralist theory into a form which the author...

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