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Seasonal and long-term dynamic of plankton communities of small water-bodies
Pejsar, Patrik ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Juračka, Petr Jan (referee)
Zooplankton pool-inhabiting organisms form metacommunities and metapopulations. Locations are connected through dispersion which is an essential part of colonization-extinction dynamic. Locations vary with the environmental conditions, the specifics of the community and the biotic interactions taking place there. Differences in these parameters may occur between spatially separated pools or in one pool throughout time. These changes are caused by seasonal dynamics, disturbances, long-term development of environmental conditions or biotic factors such as predation, competition and parasite influence. On a long-term scale the locations are classified into rather stable and ephemeral. In pool environment the ephemeral locations may unexpectedly be the driving force of metacommunity and metapopulation processes according to the "inverse mainland-island" theory. Global climate change has an essential influence on zooplankton dynamic in smaller water-bodies. Hydrology of pools and through it also life dynamics of plankton organisms is directly influenced by temperature changes and precipitation. Regional metacommunity and metapopulation dynamics are changing in dependency on regional course of climate change and the specifics of these water-bodies and the communities living there.
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Brancelj, Anton (referee) ; Wyngaard, Grace (referee)
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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Diet quality impact on growth and survival of freshwater zooplankton species
Sýkorová, Veronika ; Sacherová, Veronika (advisor) ; Nedbalová, Linda (referee)
Food quality has a significant influence on freshwater zooplankon. It influences its growth rate and development generally. By quality we understand a certain stoichiometric ratio of the main biogenic elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) in the biomass of food. Ecological stechiometry is helping to understand the balance of chemical elements in ecological interactions and processes. Freshwater zooplankton consists mostly of two groups of organisms: rotifers (Rotifera) and crustaceans (Crustacea) - cladocerans (Cladocera) and copepods (Copepoda). Each of this groups requires different quality of food. Most of filtering cladocerans are fast- growing organisms, which need a phosphorus-rich food for their fast development (small C:P ratio in food) and vice versa for most of the copepods. The food offered is not always ideal for all members of zooplankton, that is why various pre- and post- absorptional mechanisms developed to help them to cope with unsuitable food. The ability to survive unvafourable conditions is closely linked to the zoolpankton's reactions to unsuitable C:N:P ratio in its food. The C:N:P ratio in food of zooplankton also influences the species distribution in water bodies. Key words: stoichiometry, food quality, zooplankton
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Diurnal vertical migrations of zooplankton in a stratified mountain reservoir
Adámek, Radek ; Hořická, Zuzana (advisor) ; Stuchlík, Evžen (referee)
The thesis - a literature review - was aimed at the phenomenon of diurnal vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton, in relation to particular conditions in the Josefův Důl reservoir in the Jizera Mountains (northern Bohemia, Czech Republic). The area of the Jizera Mts has a very sensitive geology, and thus suffered a strong anthropogenic acidification in the second half of the 20th century. The consequence was a long-term degradation of chemistry and biology of soils and surface waters. The waters in the upper plateau of the mountains were fishless, with a low diversity and biomass of both the phytoplankton and zooplankton. Recovery from acidification is slowest in the deepest reservoir, Josefův Důl. Due to its morphology, thermal stratification, newly re-stocked brook charr population, and invertebrate predators' occurrence, the zooplankton distribution in the vertical profile is expected to be irregular, with DVM. The following diploma project, oriented to seasonal changes and vertical distribution of the zooplankton in the Josefův Důl reservoir, should contribute to long-term data on biological recovery of the reservoirs from acidification, and explain the role of biotic parameters in zooplankton succession.
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Diversity of zooplankton of Tatras lakes in space and time
Čablová, Radka ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Šorf, Michal (referee)
This thesis is the first of its kind that evaluates the species composition, species richness and species abundance of zooplankton in littoral samples of 90 Tatras lakes (Western and High Tatras of Slovakia and Poland) collected in September 2004 in the context of environmental parameters of lakes and spatial relationships of individual lakes. The most frequently occurring species in the Tatras lakes in 2004 were also evaluated in terms of their occurrence in the lakes a century ago (Minkiewicz 1914, 1917 and Lityński 1913, 1917), during the period of acidification (Ertl & Vranovský 1964, Ertl et al. 1965, Hrbáček et al. 1974, Stuchlík et al. 1985) and during the period of recovery of the lakes from acidification (Hořická et al. 2006, Sacherová et al. 2006). Relationships between variables were analysed using Poisson regression, cluster analysis with multinomial regression, canonical correspondence analysis, Mantel tests and multiple negative binomial regression. Using analyses, lakes were divided into four clusters (A, B, C, D). Each cluster consisted of lakes with the same environmental and spatial factors and similar species composition. Thirteen zooplankton species (Acanthocyclops vernalis, Acroperus harpae, Alona affinis, Arctodiaptomus alpinus, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, Cyclops abyssorum...
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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Metacommunities of the copepods, molluscs and ostracods in Kokořínsko pools on the longterm gradient
Tichá, Adéla ; Juračka, Petr Jan (advisor) ; Šorfová, Vanda (referee)
Re-creation and building new small freshwater habitats belong among the important management activities within the Protected Landscape Area Kokořínsko - Máchův kraj (Czech Republic) for almost two decades. These pools keep the water within the landscape and serve as the habitats for vulnerable species of amphibians and invertebrates, which I have studied within this thesis. Most studies focusing on studying metacommunities of small water bodies have been based on the data from one or two seasons, and thus completely neglect the development of composition of these metacommunities over longer periods of time. This thesis builds on previous research on the species composition of small ponds in the Kokořínsko Protected Landscape Area, which had been done in 2005 and 2006. In 2009 and 2017, sampling in the same ponds continued. I investigated the influence of spatial and environmental variables of individual ponds on the species composition of ostracods, copepods and molluscs in specific years and how has the representation of individual species changed among those years. With one exception, I have not observed any new incoming species of copepods and ostracods since 2006; the number of species had in fact decreased. In the case of molluscs, there was a significant exchange of species between individual...
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Management plan of small water supply reservoirs of Landštejn type
Halačka, Karel ; Adámek, Zdeněk ; Jurajda, Pavel ; Mareš, J. ; Kopp, R. ; Grmela, J.
The aim of the methodology is to provide managers and users of small water reservoirs Landštejn type with methodological tools for optimization of the water quality monitoring based on the current level of knowledge and research. Furthermore, provides a design of a methodology for fish community monitoring and optimization of treatments to reduce unwanted fish species and strengthen the status of suitable fish species with the aim of achieving the topdown effect and maintaining or improving water quality in these water reservoirs. The presented methodology summarizes the findings obtained during the monitoring and evaluation of selected parameters of water quality, planktonic and fish communities in water supply reservoirs Landštejn in recent years. It also contains an evaluation of applied treatments, focused mainly on fish stock. Unwanted fish species were caught and the predatory fish were stocked with the aim of optimizing the fish community composition and positively influencing the quality of the water in the reservoirs. The methodology contains recommendations for monitoring of the water quality in the reservoir, including monitoring of planktonic communities, monitoring of fish and recommended manipulation with fish stock. The methodology provides guidance and information for optimization of monitoring and treatments for small water supply reservoirs of the Landštejn type.
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Management plan of small water supply reservoirs of Bojkovice and Ludkovice type
Halačka, Karel ; Adámek, Zdeněk ; Jurajda, Pavel ; Mareš, J. ; Kopp, R. ; Grmela, J.
The aim of the methodology is to provide managers and users of small water reservoirs Bojkovice and Ludkovice type with methodological tools for optimization of the water quality monitoring based on the current level of knowledge and research. Furthermore, provides a design of a methodology for fish community monitoring and optimization of treatments to reduce unwanted fish species and strengthen the status of suitable fish species with the aim of achieving the topdown effect and maintaining or improving water quality in these water reservoirs. The presented methodology summarizes the findings obtained during the monitoring and evaluation of selected parameters of water quality, planktonic and fish communities in water supply reservoirs Bojkovice and Ludkovice in recent years. It also contains an evaluation of applied treatments, focused mainly on fish stock. Unwanted fish species were caught and the predatory fish were stocked with the aim of optimizing the fish community composition and positively influencing the quality of the water in the reservoirs. The methodology contains recommendations for monitoring of the water quality in the reservoir, including monitoring of planktonic communities, monitoring of fish and recommended manipulation with fish stock. The methodology provides guidance and information for optimization of monitoring and treatments for small water supply reservoirs of the Bojkovice and Ludkovice type.
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