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Lev Gumil'ëv's Philosophy of History
Šmejkal, Jiří ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to philosophy of history of Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev and to his so called theory of ethnogenesis and passionarity. At the beginning I will concisely introduce work and life of this thinker and afterwards I am going to focus on incentives that preceded the main theory of L. N. Gumilev. I will also shortly introduce the Eurasian movement. Main part of this work will deal with theory of ethnogenesis and its application on history of nations.
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The Currents of History and Civilizations
Léwová, Dana ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Arnason, Johann Pall (referee)
This thesis outlines some basic approaches in the field of comparative civilizational analysis in the works of Jóhann P. Árnason and Jaroslav Krejčí in the confrontation with Jan Patočka's philosophy of history. Those theoretical bases are put into a wider historical context and historical relations in casuistic studies, narrowed to the civilizational area of the Middle East, especially Mesopotamia and Syria-Palestine and also the Aegean-Greek area. This work emphasizes the inevitable interconnection of generally conceived civilizational analysis, or historical sociology, with specific historiography. Individual detaching of theoretical concepts is understood as a relic of blind reductionism and determinism which is strongly rejected by philosophy of history which tries to focus on the phenomenon of historicity instead of historical chronologies. Nevertheless, without the support of empirical reality even philosophy of history would become a mere philosophical rumination. The connected interdisciplinary approach is the only way how to figure out the historical / civilizational sense, "between the past and the future" and to create continual cultural memory from the awareness of relations to the relation of awareness.
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Dialogue Rádl versus Hejdánek
Doležal, Kryštof ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The problem of nation and nationalism is the subject of reflections in Czech political thought from the late 19th century; broader problem with definition of nation and its meaning constitutes more than centennial polemic called "the Czech question". This bachelor thesis inquiries chapter of this controversy, the works of two Protestant philosophers: Emanuel Rádl and Ladislav Hejdánek. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare concepts of these authors that are related to the nation, nationalism and philosophy of history. Furthermore, this bachelor thesis discloses continuity of certain idealistic-theological tradition, whose roots are discoverable (according to one interpretation) in ancient Israel. For Rádl and Hejdánek nation is a moral category, which is why the ethic aspects are central motive for their analysis of nation.
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Josef Šusta - President of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts (1939-1945)
Formánek, Martin ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Středová, Veronika (referee) ; Svatoš, Martin (referee)
The objective of this dissertation thesis is the life of Czech historian Josef Susta in 1939-1945 . The thesis is concerned with the reasons for the election of the new president of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1939. The text analyses the activities of Josef Susta as the head of the scientific institution in the period of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as the activities of the Academy itself. The thesis finds evidential support of assessment of his activities during the Nazi Occupation. The thesis deals with risky status of elites on the social as well as cultural level in 1939-1945. Interpreting Susta's scientific activities, the thesis provides a complex picture of his personality. In conclusion, the work deals with Susta's suicide as well as whether he considered all risks of the prominent position.
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Supercivilization. Patočka's Concept of Modernity and it's Relevance In The Context of Contemporary Historical Sociology.
Homolka, Jakub ; Arnason, Johann Pall (advisor) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of modernity called "nadcivilizace" ("supercivilization") that was developed in the nineteen-fifties by Czech philosopher Jan Patočka (1907-1977) in his originally unpublished study Nadcivilizace a její vnitřní konflikt. The main goal of the thesis is to introduce this concept in the framework of the author's life and work, as well as in the context of current research in the field of historical sociology. This goal is fulfilled through three main steps, which are preceded by preliminary remarks about the issues of nowadays civilizational analysis. The first part is focused on the introduction of the author's concept of modernity as it was presented in the aforementioned study. Patočka's original term "nadcivilizace" is introduced and put into the context of civilizational analysis. At the same time, the circumstances of the genesis of the text, and the spiritual framework of the epoch in which Czech philosopher lived, are presented. Second part attempts to put the original concept into the author's lecture of philosophy of history, and to demonstrate the changes that occurred in Patočka's understanding of modernity in his work Kacířské eseje o filosofii dějin (Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History, 1975). Finally, the last part is dedicated to the problem...
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The charakter of the German political culture in Masaryk´s concepts
Broklová, Eva
While at the break of World War I T. G. Masaryk intended to write a study related to the nature and charakter of nations, the following international circumstances prevented him to do so. This creates certain gap in Masaryk's views on the subject of what is called since mid-20th century political culture. Masaryk's decision to get involved in the exile struggles for an independent democratic Czechoslovakia seems to prove sufficiently that he viewed German philosophy of history, German political and germanization goals, as the greatest danger for the world development, including the Czech nation. The victory of the Allies and the fall of the Imperial Germany opened a new perspective for a democracy. From Masaryk´s fragmentary references, when he was a Czechoslovak President, it is clear that he was aware of the possibility of relapses of German aggression and even of dangers of nazism. But in his speeches he responded with restraints, hoping to influence the situation with positive ideas and encouragements.
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