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Vliv povrchové aplikace hnoje na produkci a kvalitu píce travních porostů v Bílých Karpatech
Musilová, Aneta
The diploma thesis is devoted to the possible influence of farmyard manure on low-production grasslands in the area of Vojšické louky in the White Carpathians. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of farmyard manure on the species diversity and yield of grasslands after three years of its application. The yield and the quality of the grass cover were higher on the fertilized areas. In total, there were 95 species of higher plants on the experimental plots. Festuca rubra L. and Festuca rupicola Heuff were the most represented, Vicia hirsuta L. from the Fabaceae family and Fragaria viridis Weston from the other herbs. Of the sown clovers, Astragalus cicer L. and Lathyrus latifolius L. appeared with minimal representation. In autumn, manure was applied at a dose of 20 t.ha-1, after three years there was a significant increase in the yield on the fertilized area to 2.03 t.ha- 1 compared to the control area 1.66 t.ha-1. There was also a significant increase in the content of crude protein on the fertilized area. A correlation was found between the proportion of clovers and the content of crude protein in the dry matter. A correlation was also found between compressed stand height (rising plate meter) and forage yield.
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Intraspecific trait variability of herbaceous plants in organic and conventional olive plantations in region at desertification risk
MIGLIORINO, Michele
This thesis is an ecological study in an agricultural context (agroecological research). It is carried out in olive plantations in south Italy, Apulia, a region at strong desertification risk. The effect of agricultural management (organic vs. conventional) is investigated on i) the herbaceous species composition ii) intraspecific trait variability of five selected herbaceous plants iii) soil conditions. Herbaceous plants are here considered as "indicators" of olive plantations' health. Studying if and how species traits and soil parameters vary with management, should reveal how olive understory grasslands are responding to increasing drought conditions and other desertification constraints. Management of grasslands and soils is critical to maintain high ecological functionality and services of olive agroecosystems.
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Geometric Aspects of Detecting Grassland Mowing in Krkonoše Mountains Based on Sentinel-1 Coherence
Dvořák, Jakub ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Mouratidis, Antonios (referee)
Grassland mowing is a common management practice used in European grasslands for livestock fodder production and to enhance biodiversity. To support a less intensive use of grasslands, public agencies look for a reliable way to monitor the management performed on the grasslands. Satellite remote sensing is a key tool for monitoring over large areas, with SAR remote sensing being especially useful in areas with high cloud cover. However, grassland monitoring using SAR in complex terrain is not fully understood and may come with challenges related to topography and sensor geometry. To explore these potential challenges, this thesis detected mowing events using a high-resolution DEM for precise coregistration and terrain correction of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery. Effect of local incidence angle on detection accuracy from interferometric coherence was also explored. The hypotheses were tested on 61 grassland plots in Krkonoše mountains, Czechia. Detection accuracies in this thesis were higher than in previous studies when only considering SAR detections. The improvement was most likely caused by counting detections from individual orbits to assess the certainty of each detection. A deeper analysis showed that using a high-resolution DEM led to a horizontal shift in computed coherence, but the shift had no...
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Plant-soil feedback and locality management as factors determining vegetation development
Opravilová, Tereza ; Kuťáková, Eliška (advisor) ; Mayerová, Hana (referee)
Places disturbed by the mining of minerals occupy a substantial part of the Earth's surface. Together with the abandonment of these sites after the mining process, the issue of the restoration of plant communities is addressed. One way of such recovery is spontaneous succession. This is influenced by many factors, including plant-soil feedback, the indirect interactions among plants mediated by soil environment, thanks to which succession can be slowed or accelerated. If we want to preserve a certain grassland community in places of restored spontaneous succession, it is advisable to introduce some management methods at the site. These are usually mowing or pasturing. This work summarizes the knowledge about plant- soil feedback, succession in quarries, various management methods and their impact on plant communities. It serves as a theoretical basis for my diploma thesis on the model site of the Čeřinka quarry in the Czech Karst where I plan to observe the influence of grazing on the plant community by phytosociological relevés, and, using experiments, to observe the mutual influence of plant-soil feedback and grazing on plant growth.
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Mapping relict arctic-alpine tundra vegetation from multitemporal LiDAR data
Šrollerů, Alex ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Lysák, Jakub (referee)
The thesis focuses on metrics of vertical structure of vegetation derived from UAV LiDAR data and their use for multitemporal classification of selected species of arctic-alpine tundra in the Krkonoše Mountains. The metrics are selected based on a literature search focusing on low and shrubby stands. Random Forest algorithm and permutation feature importance, drop column importance and individual predictor performance is used to determine the suitability of metrics for distinguishing tundra vegetation. Subsequently, a fusion with multispectral data is performed and influence of the LiDAR derived variables on the refinement of classification results is determined. The use of metrics derived from a digital surface model obtained by image correlation of multispectral data is also examined. Maximum height followed by minimum height, canopy relief ratio and coefficient of variation yielded the best results, they achieved an overall classification accuracy of 67.3% for Bílá louka meadow and 62.3% for Úpské rašeliniště bog. Fusion with multispectral data led to an increase in overall accuracy up to 2 %. In case of vegetation structure derived from the digital surface model, similar results were achieved apart from higher stands. LiDAR data did not prove to be beneficial in distinguishing grass communities...
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Evaluating drought risk for permanent grasslands under present and future climate conditions
Trnka, Miroslav ; Schaumberger, A. ; Formayer, H. ; Eitzinger, Josef ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Dubrovský, Martin ; Možný, M. ; Thaler, S. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
Over the past years, the changing climate has affected parts of Czech Republic and Austria by drought spells of the intensity and extend that was unprecedented in previous decades. These events had a significant impact on agricultural areas, especially on the grasslands. The idea behind the GIS monitoring relies on hypothesis that the effect of weather and climate conditions on the grassland production can be estimated by models that describe certain natural processes in a simplified manner and in spatialized form.
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Plant-soil feedback and locality management as factors determining vegetation development
Opravilová, Tereza ; Kuťáková, Eliška (advisor) ; Mayerová, Hana (referee)
Places disturbed by the mining of minerals occupy a substantial part of the Earth's surface. Together with the abandonment of these sites after the mining process, the issue of the restoration of plant communities is addressed. One way of such recovery is spontaneous succession. This is influenced by many factors, including plant-soil feedback, the indirect interactions among plants mediated by soil environment, thanks to which succession can be slowed or accelerated. If we want to preserve a certain grassland community in places of restored spontaneous succession, it is advisable to introduce some management methods at the site. These are usually mowing or pasturing. This work summarizes the knowledge about plant- soil feedback, succession in quarries, various management methods and their impact on plant communities. It serves as a theoretical basis for my diploma thesis on the model site of the Čeřinka quarry in the Czech Karst where I plan to observe the influence of grazing on the plant community by phytosociological relevés, and, using experiments, to observe the mutual influence of plant-soil feedback and grazing on plant growth.
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Monitoring of ecological conditions and occurence of selected legume species and herbs in grassland
JAKŠOVÁ, Marie
Understanding the importance and the possible use of clover in permanent grassland is very important. Their irreplaceable role in nitrogen fixation and enrich the soil of this essential element is very important. The significance of herbs in grassland is also significant, even though its importance is often overlooked. Herbs not only serve as indicators of habitat conditions, but also can improve the quality and palatability of forage. If we know the herbs and legumes and their habitat requirements will help us select the most suitable way of management and the effective use of the potential of the habitat. The aim of the thesis was to observe conditions of use and the occurrence of selected legumes and herbs in TTP. Research can therefore conclude that the biggest influence on the composition of the grassland have ecological conditions. Way management can to some extent affect the crop themselves, but the biggest factor remains what we can not influence and that is the weather. The results also shows that the richer pastures.
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Aspects of using regional seed mixtures
Jongepierová, I. ; Prach, Karel ; Ševčíková, M.
This paper provides an overview (incl. literature) of activities supporting the use of regional seed mixtures realised in the past two decades in the Czech Republic, mainly in the Bílé Karpaty Mts. However, even though the methods of preparing regional seed mixtures are theoretically well known, hardly any initiatives have been taken to produce regional seed mixtures to date. Therefore active support of seed mixture production is urgently needed in all regions, along with a sound certification system.
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