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Demografický a epidemiologický vývoj ve středoasijských republikách bývalého SSSR po jeho rozpadu
Vymlátilová, Natálie
The bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis of demographic and epidemiological developments in the Central Asian republics of the former USSR after its collapse, focusing on the situation of the poorest countries of the region, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the associated health challenges. During the existence of the USSR, the Central Asian republics underwent a series of reforms in the political, economic and social spheres, accompanied by a somewhat positive impact on the demographic and epidemiological situation of the region. The collapse of the Soviet regime caused a temporary disruption of the hitherto existing developments and a collapse of the demographic and epidemiological achievements made, leaving the region once again at the beginning of its struggle against diseases and the associated morbidity and mortality problems. The aim of this paper is to determine the demographic and epidemiological situation prevailing in the countries of Central Asia after the collapse of the USSR using selected indicators, and in particular to analyze the development of health policies and programs implemented by governments and health organizations in the countries of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the context of developments since the collapse of the USSR and their success.
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Rise of illiberal peace? Russian perspective on the sustainability of post-conflict arrangements
Žilka, Peter ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
The central idea of this master thesis is based on the recent normative contestation of the rules-based international order by authoritarian great powers such as Russia or China, whose activities are becoming more and more alarming. As the Western community since the end of the Cold War decided to take a big share of responsibility for the worldwide prevention and resolution of conflicts, their promotion of liberal values within peacebuilding frameworks nevertheless did not meet the set goals. Hence, academic debates recently engaged in the inquiry of alternative peacebuilding frameworks, including those that involved practices of illiberal actors. Consequently, this thesis focus on a qualitative analysis of Russian peacebuilding practices throughout its involvement in Tajikistan, Chechnya, Nagorno- Karabakh, and Syria. While looking for some possible overlapping with liberal practices, the analysis will primarily focus on technical processes of peacebuilding such as institution building and governance; security sector reform; and economic recovery. The overall finding demonstrate a fragile post-conflict environment based on dependency, ineffective governance, occasional re-emergence of violence or economic stagnation.
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Labour Migration and Covid-19 pandemic: The Socioeconomic Impacts of the Crisis on Tajik and Kyrgyz Migrants' Remittances
da Silva Costa, Deise Karoline ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Jordanová, Anna (referee)
This work compares the role of the remittances sent by the migrant workers from Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in the Russian Federation. It also examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the living conditions of the migrant workers and their households. Both countries presented to be similarly susceptible to the crisis. The remittances in both cases are applied to cover the general expenses of the migrants' households. Although Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, the text showed that it brings it a few advantages concerning the labour migration compared to Tajikistan. However, the overall macroeconomic impact of COVID-19 was not sufficiently different, if compared to the outcomes of Tajikistan, which is not an EAEU member state.
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Central Asian Foreign Fighters in Syria
Nováková, Sabina ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the phenomenon of Central Asian foreign fighters in Syria, 2011- 2017. It analyzes their radicalization, recruitment, and travel patterns. Special emphasis is placed on tracking the home states' responses, including elements of de-radicalization and counter-radicalization. The thesis has found that there is arguably no single factor explaining the Central Asian fighters' radicalization; nor is there a typical profile of a Central Asian fighter. Available data suggest that radicalization and extremist recruitment most often occur in Russia. Furthermore, the analysis of travel patterns has shown that the majority of Central Asian fighters traveled to Syria either indirectly via multiple countries (again, most often Russia) or directly from their country of origin, and then crossed the border from Turkey. The thesis concludes that all five Central Asian states have adopted policies to address the perceived security threat of returning foreign fighters, whereas the hard, restrictive and punitive approach has been prevalent all across the region.
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Negotiations on the extension of the Russian 201st military base in Tajikistan, 2008-2013
Mastný, David ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This case study examines a negotiation process on extension of the Russian 201st military base in Tajikistan, which took place in 2008-2013. The paper examines interests of Russians and Tajiks in relation to the base, their motives, on which they based negotiations, factors, that entered the process and a future impact of Russian military presence on the political, security and economic situation of the country. It consists of an analysis of significance of the base in context of Tajik and Russian relations, regarding to problems such as porous borders, drug trafficking and smuggling, radical Islamism, quality of Tajik armed forces, energy policy, trans-regional transportation network connection, labor migration and relations with Uzbekistan. It includes also an analysis of the negotiation process from historical and political point of view and an analysis of other direct and indirect impacts of future Russian military presence in Tajikistan.
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Chinese development assistance in Central Asia
Mlíková, Anna ; Ficek, František (advisor) ; Horálek, Adam (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines Chinese development assistance in Central Asia, specifically in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Over the past few years China has become the largest donor in the region, which contributes to China's growing influence. This thesis sets out to explain political motives of Chinese development assistance and analyse Chinese projects in the countries. In this thesis I explain the traditional concepts of development aid and the Chinese alternative, I also describe the development of foreign relations of the People's Republic of China with the countries of Central Asia, and Chinese activities and interests in the region. In my own analysis, I examine the allocation of Chinese development assistance by sector, and total amount of funding distributed according to traditional and Chinese definitions of development cooperation. The main result of this thesis is that the provision of Chinese development assistance in the region is determined primarily by China's own strategic and political interests, rather than altruistic interest in economic growth and improvement of living conditions in the countries of interest. Key words: development assistance, China, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, political influence, Belt and Road Initiative
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Central Asian Foreign Fighters in Syria
Nováková, Sabina ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the phenomenon of Central Asian foreign fighters in Syria, 2011- 2017. It analyzes their radicalization, recruitment, and travel patterns. Special emphasis is placed on tracking the home states' responses, including elements of de-radicalization and counter-radicalization. The thesis has found that there is arguably no single factor explaining the Central Asian fighters' radicalization; nor is there a typical profile of a Central Asian fighter. Available data suggest that radicalization and extremist recruitment most often occur in Russia. Furthermore, the analysis of travel patterns has shown that the majority of Central Asian fighters traveled to Syria either indirectly via multiple countries (again, most often Russia) or directly from their country of origin, and then crossed the border from Turkey. The thesis concludes that all five Central Asian states have adopted policies to address the perceived security threat of returning foreign fighters, whereas the hard, restrictive and punitive approach has been prevalent all across the region.
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Environmentální migrace ve Střední Asii a její socioekonomické souvislosti
Sandryukhina, Ksenia
This thesis focuses on the problem of environmental migration in Central Asia and its socioeconomic links. As a consequence of global climate change and more frequent occurrence of natural disasters environmental migration becomes more important, and at the present time Central Asia ranks among the regions where environmental degradation has a substantial influence on population migration. The thesis deals with the theoretical aspects of migration including its potential causes. On the basis of studying specialized literature this thesis creates an overview of the problem of environmental migration in the world and in the selected Central Asia states. Within the thesis was carried out the detailed analysis of the scale and structure of environmental migration and its socioekonomic links in the Sughd region of Tajikistan. In conclusion, the solutions of arisen socioeconomic problems were created with the emphasis on the elimination or at least mitigation of negative impacts of environmental problems that directly cause migration and the improvement of quality of life of rural population.
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Arts and Crafts of Central Asia on the Example of the Náprstek's Museum Colection
Hejzlarová, Tereza ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Nováková, Hana (referee) ; Kokaisl, Petr (referee)
The Central-Asian region, in current geo-political signification understood as the territory of five Post-Soviet states: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and partially of Kazakhstan, has went through a very rich and colorful historical development. During this development it has absorbed many different culture impulses and influences that helped the region to develop conditions for the formation of a distinctive artistic expression. To a certain extent, we can observe continuity in the development of traditional arts and crafts professions since early historical times until today. Among the most important craft branches we need to mention textile production, involving carpet weaving, processing of felt, fabrics and embroideries, and also artistic metal processing represented particularly by the jewelry production and last but not least, ceramics production. Arts and crafts have always had a very important position in the history and culture of Central Asia. Craftwork has been a subject of trade for a very long time period here, this fact being enhanced by the geographical position as well, since the region is situated on the route of the famous Silk Road. Arts and craft production, which comprised of common goods but also exclusive products of high artistic value, intended for the...
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Negotiations on the extension of the Russian 201st military base in Tajikistan, 2008-2013
Mastný, David ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This case study examines a negotiation process on extension of the Russian 201st military base in Tajikistan, which took place in 2008-2013. The paper examines interests of Russians and Tajiks in relation to the base, their motives, on which they based negotiations, factors, that entered the process and a future impact of Russian military presence on the political, security and economic situation of the country. It consists of an analysis of significance of the base in context of Tajik and Russian relations, regarding to problems such as porous borders, drug trafficking and smuggling, radical Islamism, quality of Tajik armed forces, energy policy, trans-regional transportation network connection, labor migration and relations with Uzbekistan. It includes also an analysis of the negotiation process from historical and political point of view and an analysis of other direct and indirect impacts of future Russian military presence in Tajikistan.
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