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Reproductive ageing and its reflection in obstetrics in Czechia
Waldaufová, Eva ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Reproductive ageing and its reflection in obstetrics in Czechia Abstract The aim of this thesis is to explore trends in obstetrics in Czechia in the context of increasing maternal age. The key issue is the rise in the percentage of births performed by caesarean section. The first part of the work sums up the current knowledge of fertility development and describes the selected effects of fertility postponement, health risks, especially of caesarean sections. Subsequently, the evolution of fertility in Czechia between 1989 and 2018 and the development in the proportion of births by caesarean section from 1994 to 2018 are analysed. The incidence of caesarean section births is examined based on individual anonymous data from the National Health Information System in 2018. It considers the age of the mothers and other characteristics of the mothers and newborns in Czechia. The odds of giving birth by caesarean section are estimated using the binary logistical regression method. It turns out that in recent years the growth of births executed by caesarean section has stopped, although the age of mothers and the use of assisted reproduction methods continues to grow. Reproductive ageing is reflected in the increase in caesarean section births, but at the same time its occurrence is influenced by a number of other...
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Threatened villages in marginal regions in Czechia
Taitl, Lukáš ; Perlín, Radim (advisor) ; Vaishar, Antonín (referee)
This diploma thesis is generally devoted to the endogenous potential of the development of the smallest settlements of the selected part of the inner periphery in Czechia. This internal potential is created by the socio-economic and socio-cultural status of the settlement. At a time when the rural development paradigm, ie the top-down approach and the principle of local governance, prevails according to OECD, it seems that the socio-cultural part of the endogenous potential of the settlement is probably the key one. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the possibilities of local actors, especially permanent residents and subjects of the second housing, in influencing the overall state of the given settlement - socio-economic part of the internal potential of the settlement. In the practical part, it analyzes the internal potential of selected settlements, statistically tests the relationship between these factors and looks for probable reasons for different potential. The relationship between the internal factors of development was confirmed and the socio-cultural nature was identified as a key aspect of potential success. The thesis does not aim to predict the exact future of these settlements, but it realistically reflects their internal potential and thus presents their likely direction...
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City branding of Czech regional capital cities
Jenček, Lubor ; Šifta, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šerý, Miloslav (referee)
Lubor JENČEK: City branding krajských měst v Česku Abstract This thesis deals with city branding of Czech regional capital cities. Its goal is to compare city branding of Czech regional capital cities and reveal a functional mechanism of city branding in practice. The theoretical framework of this thesis is based on the concept of branding, which is first discussed in general and later theoretically and practically expanded. Its functions in general are discussed. In the empirical part, the main research attention is dedicated to concepts of place branding and city branding on the case of the contemporary city branding of Czech regional capital cities The thesis aims to answer six research questions divided into three thematical groups - interpretation of Czech regional capital cities' brands, motivation for their creating and use, and the ways how to manage them. Answers to these questions should reveal actual condition of Czech city branding. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used in this thesis. Data were acquired by questionnaire survey targeted at all Czech regional capital cities' representatives, and semi-structured interviews with representatives of four selected cities (Ostrava, Zlín, Plzeň and Ústí and Labem) as case studies. The results of the thesis can be applied in...
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Interaction of man and landscape: impacts of socio-political changes to the landscape and agriculture in Czechia
Zavadil, Tomáš ; Jančák, Vít (advisor) ; Hrabák, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis is an analysis of the influence of specific socio-political changes to the landscape and agriculture in Czechia. The chosen socio-political changes are the beginning of communist regime in 1948 and the transformation of the whole society after the end of communist regime in 1989. The main idea used in this thesis was the concept of driving forces and the other used concepts were social capital, agricultural diversification and intensification and extensification of the landscape. Detailed presentation of the influence of specific socio- political changes in agriculture and landscape was made by a case study in administrative region Tábor. The used concepts were described In the opening part as well as the main stages of development of agriculture and landscape in Czechia and in the model area. The main method used in the case study were semi-structured interviews with farmers, who were active in agriculture before 1948 and in the time of the research. According to the results of the research the influence of institutional driving forces significantly increased in comparison to the period before 1948. The results also showed to important role of non-productive functions of current agriculture. . Keywords: landscape, agriculture, driving forces, land use, intensification and...
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Why the Czech Republic postponed adoption of the euro currency?
Vošková, Martina ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Knutelská, Viera (referee)
The diploma thesis is devoted to explanation of Czech position towards European monetary integration. Even though Czechia is committed to adopt euro, the official term has not been set. The main purpose of a thesis is to answer why the Czech Republic postponed entrance into to eurozone indefinitely. The first chapter applies materialistic aspects of liberal intergovernmentalist theory into the Czech context by analysing economic interests on micro and macro level. Detailed cost-benefit analysis results in a slight favour of entrance. However, valid economic arguments on both sides and lack of interest group pressure allow government to adopt waiting strategy. Second analytical part incorporates constructivist theory, particularly defines Czech national identity and its effect on public opinion on eurozone. The thesis refuses exclusive character of the Czech identity and its ability to fully explain postponement of euro adoption. Thesis main contribution to international relation research is final chapter, which extends traditional integration theories by perspective of ideology. Ideological prism seems to present the most eloquent explanation of the Czech position, especially dominance of firstly the Eurosceptic ODS and then populist party ANO, as well as conservative stance of CNB. Despite the fact that...
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The Friends and Neighbours Effect and Its Relevance to Voting Behaviour in Czech Parliamentary Elections
Pileček, Radek ; Kostelecký, Tomáš (advisor) ; Daněk, Petr (referee)
Voter decision-making about which political party to support in the elections is a very complex process. One of the key factors influencing our voting behaviour is the effect of particular candidates in terms of their local activities. Many Czech and also foreign studies show that candidates gain significantly higher preferences in the municipality of their residence and its surroundings. Within the analyzed parliamentary elections, this is reflected not only by the territorial concentration of preferential votes, but also by higher local electoral support of the political parties or movements represented by these candidates. This diploma thesis examines, among other things, differences in the strength of the described effect (technically called the friends and neighbours effect) between candidates from different political parties and in different regions of Czechia. Quantitative research has shown greater local strength and spatial extent of friends and neighbours effect for leading candidates from non-metropolitan areas who have experiences from local or regional politics, such as mayors or regional councilors. In the 2017 parliamentary elections, the friends and neighbours effect mostly influenced the spatial patterns of electoral support of the KDU-ČSL and the STAN movement and on the other...
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Swedish model of family policy as an inspiration for Czechia
Lenz, Patrik ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Swedish model of family policy as an inspiration for Czechia Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare the development and current setting of Swedish and Czech family policy. The reason for the comparison of the state systems in the area of family support is the potential inspiration in the measures or direction of Swedish family policy in Czechia. Like the Czech model, the Swedish model of family policy is based on financial compensation for families. In addition, it provides government services (e.g. an extensive network of quality childcare centers) and the conceptuality in which Czech family policy lags. Demographic indicators examine the fertility of women in selected states in the context of family policy development. Selected indicators of female fertility show the influence of family policy in Czechia and Sweden. Besides other things the thesis deals with attitudes and opinions of inhabitants within the family values. These views were analysed based on the respondents' answers in the longitudinal research The European Values Study (EVS). Following the example of Sweden, support for the harmonization of maternity and working life or the involvement of fathers in childcare should be initially increased. Keywords: family policy, fertility, Sweden, Czechia Number of characters: 117 737
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The influence of socio-geographical exposure and other factors on the extensification processes of land use
Janoušek, Zbyněk
The main topic of the dissertation thesis is the evaluation of the influence of socio- geographical exposure and other factors (natural: altitude, inclination of slopes, productivity of land) on the extensification processes of the land use in Czechia in the period of more than 160 years, 1845-2010. Emphasis is also placed on the associated losses of agricultural and arable land, given that afforestation and increase of grassland took place essentially at the expense of that land. The main data source is the "Database of long-term land use changes in Czechia (1845-2010)", LUCC Czechia, based on cadastral records. It is a detailed monitoring which covers almost 9,000 so-called stable territorial units. Both the extensification processes and the overall intensity of land use (using the coefficient of ecological importance) are evaluated. Given that most of the Czechia's territory is still used as agricultural land, the thesis also includes an overview of the evolution of the selected agricultural intensity indicators. Attention is likewise paid to the wider context of land use changes at the European level. The essential part of the thesis is to build models of socio-geographical exposure of Czechia, which are comparable with the data on land use in the time horizons of 1845, 1896, 1948, 1990 and...
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Socio-geographic determinants of risky substance use among Czech adolescents
Kážmér, Ladislav
The thesis aims at the specific issues of health-related behaviour among the contemporary Czech youth, with particular emphasis on a socio-geographical dimension of the phenomena. In particular, it aims at identification of selected demographic, social, and contextual factors underlying the inequalities in risky substance use among the Czech adolescent population in its complex multilevel perspective. By applying the advanced methodology of multilevel modelling, the author reveals an integral nature of these factors in space and time, and thus contributes to a deeper knowledge on the structures and processes determining the selected forms of risk behaviours. In addition to an integrative multilevel approach, the author derives recommendations for an effective planning and implementation of preventive measures in agenda of the Czech drug policy as well. Key words: adolescence; substance use; prevalence; socio-geographic inequalities; multilevel analysis; Czechia
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Flexibility and localization of work in Czechia, 1991-2011: Analysis of the spatial aspects
Svoboda, Peter
Flexibility and localization of work in Czechia 1991-2011: analysis of the spatial aspects The working process, its arrangement and its consequences have been a crucial part of a development of society in space. Work as a significant factor forming the space gets into the interest of social geography, at least until the Industrial Revolution, which led to a spatial mismatch between a place of residence and a place of work. The process of social transformation, together with the macroeconomic changes affecting post-socialist countries and the mass development of mobile information and communication technologies in the post- revolutionary period, stimulated a significant change in the issues of job localization and the differentiation of forms of work that became less embedded in the sense of temporal, spatial and functional meanings. This transformation led to irregularity of spatial movements associated with commuting to work on the one hand and its delocalization, or disappearance from physical space, and moving to the virtual space on the other. Hence, commuting to work and the relationship between home and work place is one of the crucial topics of Albertov's social geography. However, insufficient attention in domestic literature has been paid to the issue of the unembedded types of work. The...
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