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Disintegration of sludge thickened by flotation
Veverka, Jakub ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The main topic of this thesis is a research of influence of disintegration of sewage sludge on the production of biogas during the process of anaerobic fermentation. The theoretical part deals with issues and specific methods used during the process of waste water cleaning, furthermore it contains simplified description of waste water treatment plants and particular devices. The number of ways of processing sewage sludge and its potential utilization id also discussed. Following parts of the thesis analyze in detail my own process of anaerobic fermentation including important factors influencing this process. Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation and ecological perspective on the issue are included in this part. Another important part of the thesis deals with disintegration and description of the disintegration methods and devices. The fundamental part implies the analysis of the executed experiments. Experiments analyze the growth of biogas during anaerobic fermentation depending on the disintegration of sewage sludge. After that the evaluation of the experiments is stated together with economical calculations of the disintegration process executed in laboratory conditions.
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Energetic use of wastewater sludge and microwave pyrolysis products
Šimek, Radim ; Ševčík, Jan (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the energy utilization of sewage sludge before and after microwave pyrolysis process. The first part of the thesis deals with sludge management, treatment of sludge and its subsequent use or disposal. In the second part of the thesis prepared and modified samples of sludge from WWTP 1 and WWTP 2 are subjected to microwave pyrolysis process. Subsequently, samples are taken for analyzes to determine the total organic carbon, the specific surface area, the heavy metal content and the calorific values. The resulting data was processed in Microsoft Office Excel and presented at work. At the end of the thesis two case studies are then proposed for a specific design of the conceptual location of microwave pyrolysis for the sludge drying process and the drying process of the sewage sludge in the direct combustion boiler room.
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Utilization of waste in the context of current legislative measures and principles of circular economy
Dočekal, Petr ; Vymazal, Petr (referee) ; Chorazy, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of selected types of waste under the conditions of current legislation in force in the Czech Republic. It focuses on plastic packaging waste and sewage sludge – waste generated from municipal wastewater treatment. The aim of the work was to process a search of current legislation and strategic documents in the field of waste management in the context of the principles of circular economy and then design and then critical evaluation of the optimal system of utilization of the above waste based on the principles of circular economy. Both its strengths and weaknesses as well as basic economic parameters were described. The first part of the work is a description and current methods of waste management and search for legislation and strategic documents at the EU and Czech level. In the second part, the optimal circulatory method of waste management is designed and evaluated. A delivery system is currently in place for plastic packaging waste. The bachelor work deals with a new system of taking back PET bottles and compares their strengths and weaknesses. For the sewage sludge, drying and subsequent pyrolysis were chosen as the optimal treatment method, which seems to be a very efficient method.
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Methods of sewage sludge thermal treatment
Rosendorfová, Lenka ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The first part of this diploma thesis targets in the formation of summary of methods of sewage sludge thermal treatment. Sludge is dangerous material rising from water treatment. Original water pollution is concentrated in sludge. Spectrum of the different methods of sludge disposal is very vast, thermal methods belong to the most advanced ones. Nowadays, legislative rules and regulations make more restrictive, hence sludge disposal is problematic because of economic and ecological view of point. The second part of this diploma thesis is dealt with perspective sludge management at the Central Waste Water Treatment Plant Prague concerning sludge drying and consequent sludge incineration.
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Risks associated with the use of biochar in the terrestrial ecosystem
Valeeva, Adeliia ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to assess the ecotoxicity of biochar produced from sewage sludge in Ingolstadt. Biochar is one of the carbon storage options and it’s applied to the soil. Biochar has an effect not only on the terrestrial ecosystem in direct contact of organisms with the sample, but also on aquatic in the leaching of substances from biochar into water. Therefore, contact and aquatic tests were chosen to assess the ecotoxicological effect. The representative of the decomposers was the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the primary producer – the plant Lactuca Sativa and the Daphnia magna was chosen from the aquatic organisms. The test results differed slightly, but the lowest negative effect on the test organisms was shown by soil samples with the addition of 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg granular biochar.
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Ecotoxicological assessment of biochar from sewage sludge
Kotzurová, Iveta ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the ecotoxicological effect of biochar produced from sewage sludge. In case of application of biochar to agricultural land, both the soil and aquatic ecosystem may be affected therefore contact and aquatic tests were chosen to assess the ecotoxicological effects. Representatives of soil invertebrates were earthworms Eisenia fetida; Daphnia magna and Artemia salina were chosen from aquatic animals and terrestrial plants were represented by Lactuca sativa, Sinapis alba and Allium cepa. The results of contact tests point out how ecosystem could be negatively affected by biochar dose. Through aqueous extract were shown differences in sensitivity of individual organisms in aquatic tests. Dried sewage sludge was found to be the biggest burden for all tested organisms. The pelletized biochar with the addition of an additive showed the lowest negative effect on tested organisms.
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Determination of selected perfluoroalkyl compounds in complex matrices
Ondreášová, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Mgr. Petra Kosubová, Ph.D (advisor)
Diploma work focuses on the determination of selected representatives of perfluoroalkyl substances in complex matrices, particularly, in sewage sludge and feed. In case of sewage sludge, samples were extracted into methanol and three extractions techniques were compared: accelerated Soxhlet, pressurized liquid extraction and Powley method. Powley method showed sufficient efficiency, the lowest matrix effect and minimal background. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was present in all tested samples of sewage sludge (0.74–38.02 ng.g-1). Other detected compounds were perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid. Three extraction techniques were tested on feed samples (QuEChERS, fast methanol extraction and Powley method into acetonitrile). Powley method provided the cleanest extracts and showed simultaneously the highest recovery of native perfluoroalkyl substances and the lowest matrix effects. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid were rarely present in samples of complete and supplemental feeds, while other perfluoroalkyl substances were found at levels below limit of quantification or they were not detected at all. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (0.100–2.768 ng.g-1), perfluoroundecanoic acid and perfluorotridecanoic acid were determined in all fish meal samples.
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Co-incineration sewage sludge in the existing plant
Krejčí, Tomáš ; Ferdan, Tomáš (referee) ; Frýba, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis focuses on problems with co-incineration of sewage sludge in existing plants. The introduction of my thesis deals with a brief summary of a sludge management, sludge treatment methods and subsequent utilizations methods used for sledge disposal. Next chapter contains a calculation of calorific value, depending on the water content and volatile substances in dry solids of the sludge, it offers an overview of devices applicable for thermal processing of sludge and a description of the co-incineration in existing plants. The seventh chapter is devoted to the legislative parameters which influence the ways of dealing with sewage sludge. After the thermal treatment of sludge it is necessary to decontaminate flue gases of harmful substances resulting from incineration process, thus following there is a description of the most important devices used for its elimination or its reduction. My work ends with a search of methods dealing with the thermal sludge utilization in foreign countries.
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PERSPECTIVE METHODS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE UTILISATION FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION
Elsässer, Thomas ; Klemeš,, Jiří (referee) ; Žaloudík, Petr (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
Tato práce o energetickém využití čistírenských kalů obsahuje popis vlastností kalu (hustota, měrná tepelná kapacita a dynamická viskozita). Stěžejní kapitoly jsou věnovány desintegraci kalu pro zvýšení obsahu sušiny po odvodnění a experimentálnímu zkoumání tvorby emisí při spalování kalu, kde byl posuzován vliv přídavku alkálie. Spalování vysušeného kalu proběhlo ve fluidní vrstvě, byla zkoumána produkce škodlivin a distribuce těžkých kovů. Druhá ucelená část práce je věnována termochemické desintegraci stabilizovaného kalu, přičemž byl experimentálně vyhodnocován vliv na obsah vody v odvodněném kalu. Provedené experimenty sloužily k detekci vhodné teploty a dávky chemikálie. Výsledky experimentů byly rovněž podkladem pro ekonomickou bilanci, která je založena na úsporách za likvidaci menšího množství kalu.
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