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Hungary 1956: from a reform of socialism to a national uprising
Adamec, Jan ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pelikán, Jan (referee) ; Irmanová, Eva (referee)
Jan Adamec, Hungary 1956: from a reform of socialism to a national uprising Dizertační práce Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav světových dějin, Praha, 2015 Abstract The theses aims to analyze the crisis of the Hungarian Communist regime in 1956. It begins with the internal party struggle between Prime Minister Imre Nagy and First Secretary Matyás Rákosi in 1953-1955. Khrushchev's destalinisation initiative in 1956 triggered a new wave of conflicts. The crisis within the Communist Party was then deepened by the demise of Rákosi and the installation of Ernő Gerő as his successor in July 1956 and the emotionally charged reburial of László Rajk. The crisis coincided with grave economic shortages and rising dissatisfaction in the countryside. Encouraged Hungarian students organized demonstrations on 23 October 1956 that grew into mass riots against the regime. New agents that then played a key role in the events in question entered the political arena. Firstly, the Soviet army intervened on behalf of the Hungarian Communist leadership; however, it failed to restore order or suppress the mass movement. Secondly, dozens of guerrilla-like insurgent groups fought enthusiastically against the Soviets. Khrushchev contemplated postponing the use of military force for a brief period of time;...
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Croatia 1989-1990: between Yugoslavia and nationalism
Moskovič, Boris ; Pelikán, Jan (advisor) ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis deals with political developments in Croatia since the beginning of 1989 to the first multiparty elections in the spring of 1990. It analyzes the evolution of attitudes of Croatian communists to the Yugoslav crisis and activity of opposition groups during this period. The main emphasis is on the attitudes of Croatian ruling and alternative political elites against national and constitutional questions. Attention is paid to the development of so-called Serbian Question in Croatia. The thesis analyses the development of political pluralism in the territory of Croatia and the activities of the Croatian Democratic Union and Croatian Social Liberal Party. The thesis is based on a detailed analysis of the contemporary press and memoir and secondary literature. Keywords: Yugoslavia, Croatia, Communist Party, nationalism, election
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Czechoslovak antifascist resistance in Culture of Memory in 1945-1948 in regional context. The Case of Kolín Region.
Blümel, Tomáš ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Randák, Jan (referee)
(in English) This thesis deals with the aspect of culture which reminds us of the second revolt in the years 1945 to 1948 which focussed on the region of Kolínsko. The region featured a scene of Czech antifascist resistance which was of national importace. Likewise there had been important attempts to organize a resistance movement locally. Studies show that contemporary press and archival sources were monitored using implanted memory (memorials, monuments, commemorating the anniversary in a public space, activity clubs) in the early postwar years. It contains an analysis of content, symbolism and langure resources in the contemporary press and archival sources. The work focuses on the question whether, after the coup in 1948, there was a semantic shift the perception of antifascist resistance, and whether the memorial culture in local context became a subject of political disputes.
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The Image of Bolsheviks in Memory of Czechoslovak Legionaries
Pácha, Martin ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to describe the process of creation of the image and role of the Bolsheviks in the memory of Czechoslovak legionnaires. The main goal questioned was (i) how this image was generated immediatelly during the period of the legionnaries activities in Russia and (ii) how it has been changed after their return to Czechoslovakia. The first part of the analysis is based on legionnaries publications issued in Russia, namely the newspaper "Československý denník". The second part analyses the interwar legionnaries literature, mainly the texts of writers who commented on the Russian revolutionary events in general. Using the comparison of literary sources this work shows that returned legionnaries writers oversimplified Bolshevik theme in their texts and assigned them a stereotyped role of the enemy. Key words: Czechoslovak Legion, Literature of Legionaries, Bolsheviks, Image of the other
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The Nationalized Beer. Brewing Industry in Central Bohemia 1945-1955
Šperl, Jiří ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Janáč, Jiří (referee)
After the Second world war in Czechoslovakia as well as in most European countries there was a tendency to implement into the economy the principles of nationalization, planning and production rationalization. However, in reality the use of these rules encountered difficulties that had not been expected neither by political nor economic areas. It was not only the issue of the rate and form of interventions into the economy from the communist and non-communist parties but also disputes and fights for pushing through particular interests which were being accompanied by a radical form of expropriation done by the communists after the overthrow in February 1948. The aim of this paper is to analyse the nationalization development in brewing industry which belonged to traditional Czech industrial branches and despite its considerable capital and production concentration it preserved a high level of diversity ranging from mass- production to family facilities. This paper will deal with e.g. mechanisms of occupying of leading positions, nationalization impact and effect of political changes on employees, unions activities, production management strategies (reaching the plans of governmental institutions, socialist competition among companies), by the influence of state programmes, improvement of population...
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Dolní Vilémovice 1939-1945. A Czech Village under the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Hanák, Zdeněk ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Plachý, Jiří (referee)
Dolní Vilémovice 1939-1945. A Czech Village under the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia The thesis deals with the destiny of Dolní Vilémovice, small village which lies in West Bohemia, during the Nazi occupation. It uses sources of local authorities and oral history to describe everyday life of Czech villagers throughout the Second World War. The village mentioned above was not chosen incidentally, as it is a birthplace of Jan Kubiš, one of czech soldiers who commited assassination attempt on Reinhard Heydrich. That is why this thesis also discusses the issue of German repressive measures against the local population, especially against Kubiš family, and anti-Nazi resistance.
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Commodification of the collective memory: Yugonostalgia as a marketing strategy
Vukčević, Jovana ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (referee) ; Maurel, Marie Claude (referee)
COMMODIFICATION OF THE COLLECTIVE MEMORY: YUGONOSTALGIAAS A MARKETING STRATEGY Jovana Vukcevic EHESS Paris, Charles University Prague Abstract: This paper focuses on a specific type of contemporary nostalgia for the Yugoslav past, emerging in recent years across the post-Yugoslav space - Yugonostalgia. This nostalgia creates a new Yugoslavia from the ashes of the old - a depoliticized Yugoslavia, not a state or an ideology, but a life story, a personal and social history that happened to take place within the former state. It is argued in the paper that Yugonostalgia can be understood as a longing for the solidarity, sociability and dignity of the socialist life-style, and even as a critique of the consumerist aesthetics of modern capitalism. However, in no way has it been a call to re-establish a Yugoslav state or to validate its ideological propaganda. Furthemore, in the intersection of capitalist profit-making and communist heritage, nostalgia has became more than a simple discursive construction, emerging from the idealized collective memory - it turned into a veritable marketing strategy exploiting Yugonostalgic symbols. Media campaigns that instigate warm feelings for Yugo-commodities and positive associations with the former state create new patterns of consumptions seeking to commercialize the...
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Liberated Political Prisoners Association 1945-1948
Částová, Barbora ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šustrová, Radka (referee)
This bachelor thesis "Liberated Political Prisoners Association 1945-1948" aims to present and survey this postwar resistance organization, since its inception in spring 1945 until the merger with other organizations of resistance in Czechoslovak republic. Into this organization immediately after the war joined all prisoners, who were arrested by the Nazis or were thrown into concentration camps for their political resistance movement during World War II and a bereaved after them. Number of members in the largest expansion of the organization was around 80 000th. The thesis describes the origin and development of the organization and its structure. It also focuses on its activities and cooperation with other domestic and foreign organizations of resistance.
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