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System for measuring of pintrack dimensions
Vodička, Petr ; Dostál, Zbyněk (referee) ; Antoš, Martin (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis is processed a summary of contactless sensors for length measurement, that are commonly used in industry, it's physical principals and are described systems for measure dimensions of a steel construction. There is description of a steel carrier and classified ways the carrier can be deformed. A measuring gate for evaluation of status of steel carrier is designed and proper sensors are chosen and teste. Docomentation for measuring gate is created.
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Proposal of electro-hydraulic control system for the nose gear of small transport aircraft
Vodička, Petr ; Janhuba, Luboš (referee) ; Třetina, Karel (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on design of electrohydraulic system for nose gear control on small civil airliners. First part consists of brief review of small civil airliners, nose gears and CS 23 restrictions relevant for the design. In practical part a typical small civil airliner is defined and kinematic of landing gear mechanisms is designed. Then the electrohydraulic system itself is designed and parameters of some components are suggested. The wheel steering mechanism is simulated and, in conclusion, the whole system is evaluated.
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PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF AEROSOL FROM OPEN COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS DURING THE TRADITIONAL “BURNING OF THE WITCHES”
Mbengue, Saliou ; Vodička, Petr ; Komínková, Kateřina ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Vítková, Gabriela ; Windell, Laurence Christian ; Suchánková, Lenka ; Lhotka, Radek ; Julaha, Kajal ; Prokeš, Roman ; Šmejkalová Holubová, A. ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Holoubek, Ivan
Open biomass burning (OBB) is a major source releasing large quantities of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere, with global, regional and local impacts on air quality, public health and climate (Andreae, 2019, Chen et al., 2017). OBB aerosols mainly consist of carbonaceous matter, and a considerable amount of inorganic salts, which present distinctly different optical properties (Chen et al., 2017, Reid et al., 2005). In this study, we investigate the influence of OBB during the traditional Burning of the Witches (BoW), referred to in Czech as “Pálení čarodějnic”, on the physico-chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols collected at the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice (NAOK). The BoW is a centuries-old pagan tradition very popular in the Czech Republic. Today, it is celebrated during the night from April 30 to May 1 by lighting bonfires made of woodpiles with fake witches.
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WATER-SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS PM2.5 AT THREE RURAL BACKGROUND SITES IN CENTRAL EUROPE DURING COLD AND WARM PERIODS
Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Vodička, Petr ; Lhotka, Radek ; Pokorná, Petra ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Aurora, S. ; Poulain, L. ; Herrmann, H. ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Ion chromatography (IC) was used to characterize water soluble compounds in PM2.5 during winter and summer campaigns at three rural sites in Central Europe in 12-hour (day/night) time resolution. Concentrations of biomass combustion aerosolsdoubled from Melpitz to Košetice in winter, sea salt exhibited opposite behaviour. Summer exhibited higher sulphates and methane sulphonic acid in Melpitz. Day to night ratios showed higher day concentrations for phosphates and compounds connected to fungal spores and bacteria, while higher night concentrations were connected to wood combustion. Ventilation index was used as an approximate measure to distinguish local and long range transported aerosols. Biomass combustion products were identified as the \nmajority of local aerosols, while sea salt as long range transported one.
Plný tet:  PDF
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TRACERS OF ANTHROPOGENIC AND BIOGENIC SOURCES OF ORGANIC AEROSOL IN THE PM1 FRACTION AT THE KOŠETICE BACKGROUND STATION
Vodička, Petr ; Kawamura, K. ; Deshmukh, D.K. ; Pokorná, Petra ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Ždímal, Vladimír
In this study, we have examined in detail the seasonal changes in the concentration of sugars, dicarboxylic acids and their oxidation precursors in fine aerosol at a rural Central European background site. The aim of the study was to identify typical tracers for different sources of organic aerosol and to determine their contributions to organic PM1.We found a clear difference between winter and summer PM1 aerosol composition at the molecular level. Subsequently, we identified two biogenic factors (dominant in summer), two anthropogenic factors (major contribution in winter) and one background factor.\nMore details could be found in Vodička et. al (2023).
Plný tet: PDF
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SUBMICRON AEROSOL AT TWO URBAN STATIONS IN PRAGUE
Pokorná, Petra ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Vodička, Petr ; Lhotka, Radek ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Hopke, P.
The aim of this work was to determine the submicron aerosol dynamics, chemical compositions, and origins at two sites in Prague based on the particle number size distribution (PNSD) and chemical composition of 2/12/24h atmospheric aerosol samples (PM1) collected in parallel for half-year/within two seasons at two urban sites (suburban – Suchdol and traffic – Vršovice). Chemical analysis of PM1 for carbon (elemental, equivalent black – eBC and organic) by thermo-optical method and for water-soluble inorganic ions by IC was performed. For most months, both number and mass median \nconcentrations based on the SMPS data differed. Higher eBC concentrations were measured in Vršovice however eBC concentrations showed good correlation (r=0.80, yintercept=0) at the two stations. Higher average PM1 at the traffic site in summer and at the suburban site in winter, and seasonal differences in ionic PM1 composition reflected the seasonality of the local sources. Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences in PM1 concentration and ionic composition between the sites.
Plný tet: PDF
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HIGHLY-TIME RESOLVED ELEMENTAL SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM2.5 AT AN URBAN TRAFFIC SITE IN PRAGUE
Windell, Laurence Christian ; Pokorná, Petra ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Lhotka, Radek ; Vodička, Petr ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Hopke, P.K. ; Ždímal, Vladimír
This work aims to quantify metal emissions from traffic at an urban traffic site in Prague, Czech Republic, identify key tracers of emissions, and investigate exhaust and non-exhaust emissions observable in fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This project signifies the first high-time resolution elemental analysis of Prague aerosols.
Plný tet: PDF
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The source of endogenous DNA damage in neurodegenerative disease
Havelková, Jarmila ; Hanzlíková, Hana (advisor) ; Vodička, Pavel (referee)
DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) are amongst the most frequent DNA lesions arising in cells and can threaten genetic integrity and cell survival, as indicated by the elevated genetic deletion, embryonic lethality and neurological disease observed when single-strand break repair (SSBR) is attenuated. One of the proteins important for rapid repair of SSBs is XRCC1, which is a molecular scaffold protein that interacts with multiple DNA repair enzymes (e.g. PARP1, PNKP, POLβ, APTX, LIG3) and thus, promotes their stability and/or function. Defects in SSBR have been associated with hereditary neurodegeneration in humans, cerebellar ataxias and seizures. Here, I focus on genetic disease spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive-26 (SCAR26), which has been shown to be linked to mutations in XRCC1. I investigate the amount of XRCC1 protein in XRCC1-defective cells and reveal that cells from patients with mutations in XRCC1 exhibit greatly reduced XRCC1 levels. I show that reduced levels of XRCC1 protein in cells correlate with the increasing number of endogenous SSBs, measured by quantification of ADP-ribose in the chromatin. In addition, I confirm that the most endogenous SSBs arise in S phase of the cells cycle during replication. Moreover, I prove that the main sources of the endogenous SSBs in...
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Monitoring of mutant huntingtin influence on autophagy in human neural stem cells
Zezulová, Kristýna ; Vodička, Petr (advisor) ; Kohoutek, Jiří (referee)
Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene. Its expressed product, mutated huntingtin protein, aggregates in the cell and affects wide range of cellular processes, including proteostasis mechanisms. Autophagy, classified among the mechanisms of cellular degradation and recycling of proteins and other cellular components, is one of the processes disrupted by the presence of mutated huntingtin. The goal of the project was to prepare a tandem genetic construct (fusion protein LC3-EGFP-mCherry) using chemically competent bacteria by molecular cloning methods, transfect it into prepared human lines carrying both normal and mutated huntingtin, and thus modify the lines to transiently, and if possible also constantly express this sensor of autophagy activity. Such modified lines allow monitoring the effect of the presence of normal and mutated HTT on the course of autophagy and also provide experimentally suitable conditions for influencing autophagy in these cells using inhibitors and activators from the group of small molecules. Two types of LC3-GFP-mCherry/RFP fusion proteins were successfully prepared by molecular cloning and transiently introduced by lipofection into the control ARPE19 lines. Expression of the constructs in human H9 NSC...
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Antitumor activity of the polymeric conjugates bearing derivatives of protease inhibitors and conventional cytostatics for the treatment of head and neck tumors
Běhalová, Kateřina ; Kovář, Marek (advisor) ; Vodička, Pavel (referee)
Head and neck cancers account for about 4,6 % of all malignancies worldwide and their incidence is increasing. However, the development of chemotherapeutics in this field is rather stagnating. One promising approach seems to be the repurposing of drugs originally developed and clinically used as HIV protease inhibitors, which have also been described to have anticancer activity. Esterification of the OH group of these drugs with 5-methyl-4-oxohexanoic acid allows their attachment via pH-sensitive hydrazone linkage to a hydrophilic and biocompatible HPMA copolymer carrier. This binding provides an improvement in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, prolongs its circulation time in the bloodstream, lowers its side effects and it also allows passive accumulation of the drug in the tumor tissue due to the EPR effect. Six protease inhibitors in total (ritonavir, lopinavir, saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir and atazanavir) were derivatized as described above. Ritonavir and its derivative had been tested in a previous project and were used as reference substances. After initial determination of in vitro cytostatic and cytotoxic activity in FaDu (human head and neck carcinoma), SCC7 (murine squamous cell carcinoma), 4T1 (murine breast carcinoma) and CT26 (murine colon carcinoma) cell lines, lopinavir derivative was...
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