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How Egalitarian are we? Earnings, income and household conditions in Czechia in comparison with Europe
Večerník, Jiří ; Mysíková, Martina
The study brings a comprehensive view of population’s earnings, household incomes, redistribution flows, household budgets and wealth, both in terms of development in the Czech Republic and compared to European countries. It also deals with perceived economic inequality and middle-class identity. It uses a wide range of statistical and sociological data, partly from European and world databases, and partly from own calculations based on individual data of comparative surveys. Data are presented mainly in charts showing the position of the Czech Republic on European ladder. The results question the general belief about extraordinary equality in our country and specific Czech egalitarianism. The Czech society is no longer equalized in earnings, or in the situation of households. It does not even appear to be exceptionally egalitarian in different attitudes.
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Three Comparative Essays on Gender Earnings Inequality in the Czech Republic
Mysíková, Martina ; Flek, Vladislav (advisor) ; Schneider, Ondřej (referee) ; Večerník, Jiří (referee) ; Podpiera, Jiří (referee)
This thesis adopts three stepwise perspectives to look at earnings inequality. It applies Czech data from two surveys, Microcensus and Living Conditions, covering the period 1988-2008, and European dataset EU-SILC 2008 and 2009 for international comparisons. The first essay "Personal Earnings Inequality" analyzes personal earnings distribution in the Czech Republic since the early transition from communism, using relative distribution method. The trend of "hollowing of the middle" was confirmed in the early transition, but this phenomenon later subsided. Earnings polarization was apparent for all sex and education subgroups between 1988 and 1996. In international comparison, earnings of men and highly educated are more homogenous than earnings of their counterparts in most analyzed countries. The second essay "Gender Wage Gap" quantifies the structure of gender wage gaps in four Central-East European countries (CEE), using the Heckman regression model and Oaxaca- Blinder decomposition. The observed gender wage gap is substantially higher in the Czech Republic and Slovakia than in Hungary and Poland. A relatively small but positive part of the observed gender wage gap can be explained by gender differences in characteristics in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, with a high contribution of job...
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"Soft" Concepts in Economics: Essays on the Role of Non-Cognitive Skills and Cultural Values
Lauková, Lenka ; Hanousek, Jan (advisor) ; Večerník, Jiří (referee) ; Palda, Filip (referee)
The admission process into secondary schools in the Czech Republic involves a high risk of ending up at an undesired school if failing to be admitted to one's preferred school. With future career outcomes largely dependent on the type of secondary school, the secondary school application decision is an important one. Empirical evidence gathered in this chapter is based on data on pupils participating in the OECD's PISA project and suggests that the education of parents and cognitive abilities matter for a pupil's application decision. A unique dataset available for the Czech Republic enables the examination of the role of non-cognitive skills in the admission process, and these are found to have an impact on a pupil's decision as well. The significance and the magnitude of the effect differs across districts characterized by the level of uncertainty associated with the admission process. The results of the analysis show important gender differences. One of them is that while non-cognitive skills of females operate in accordance with intuitive expectations: higher uncertainty associated with the outcome of the admission process in the district increases the importance of non-cognitive abilities with respect to decision-making; the opposite is true for males. In following chapter, we employ the...
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Poverty in the Czech Republic: A Critical look at EU Indicators
Večerník, Jiří ; Mysíková, Martina
National and cross-national data from EU-SILC surveys are used for various comparisons: of different indicators of poverty; of this data source with administrative data; of the time of remaining in poverty according to various indicators; of the situation in the Czech Republic with EU countries. The advantages of the “subjective” poverty indicator based on reporting on make ends meet are stressed.
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Poverty in the Czech Republic: A Critical Look at EU Indicators
Večerník, Jiří ; Mysíková, Martina
National and cross-national data from EU-SILC surveys are used for various comparisons: of different indicators of poverty; of this data source with administrative data; of the time of remaining in poverty according to various indicators; of the situation in the Czech Republic with EU countries. The advantages of the “subjective” poverty indicator based on reporting on make ends meet are stressed.
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Anatomy of the Czech labour market: from over-employment to under-employment in ten years?
Flek, Vladislav ; Galuščák, Kamil ; Gottvald, Jaromír ; Hurník, Jaromír ; Jurajda, Štěpán ; Navrátil, David ; Mareš, Petr ; Münich, Daniel ; Sirovátka, Tomáš ; Večerník, Jiří
This study investigates the macroeconomic aspects of labour market behaviour and its microfoundations. In the first part deals with aggregate labour market trends and issues relevant to macroeconomic policy. The second part analyses in more detail labour flexibility, namely labour market flows, long-term unemployment and labour force deprivation. The third part addresses wage flexibility and relative wages, with special attention paid to regional unemployment elasticity of wages and returns to education.
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Social policy in the Czech Republic: past and future of reforms
Večerník, Jiří
The controversies of Czech social policy after 1989 are described. The ambivalent character of the communist welfare state is considered and its theoretical altenatives outlined. After energetic changes, stagnation reigned since mid-1990s and only debates continued. Despite problems, performance of the system is satisfactory, as very low rate of poverty witnesses. However in the long run, dissatisfactory situation of families, frozen pension system and weak work motivation evoke concern.
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