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Monitoring the prevalence and mapping patterns of drug use in adolescence in the present problem drug users: a pilot verification of retrospective method of questioning
Vodička, Richard ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Matoušek, Petr (referee)
Starting point: The use or overuse of cannabis is still considered among the general public to be highly risky mainly for the reason that (apparently) it only precedes the use or it is a form of an entrance gate to the world of use of so called "hard drugs", which are especially stimulants and opiates, injected, therefore again by a very risky way. Regardless the interaction and impact of a wide range of other socioeconomic, personal and other factors, which indisputably also have a determined impact on the fact that a specific person will sometimes in the future tend to (mis-)use addictive substances or not, in this case the existence of much more frequent, accessible and generally tolerated drugs such as tobacco and alcohol including the role they might play is often neglected. This work deals with the investigation of patterns of use of legal and illegal addictive substances during the adolescence of current problem users, the outcoming data is compared with the study conclusions of ESPAD and states possible deductions. Objectives: By means of retrospective investigative method the work should map out the patterns of the use and prevalence of experiencing the selected legal or illegal substances by a current problem 16 year-old user and compare them with the conclusions of the ESPAD study. At...
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Impact of partial alcohol prohibition in the Czech Republic on the retail market with alcoholic beverages
Bóbiková, Jana ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
September 2012 had become known as a synonym for the methanol scandal in the Czech Republic during which over a hundred of individuals were hospitalized and several dozens of the patients died. This all occurred due to the ingestion of the adulterated alcohol. Whereas partial and time-limited prohibition which restricted the sales of alcoholic beverages with the alcohol content of 20 per cent and higher, was enforced in the Czech Republic from 14th to 27th September 2012. Due to further emerging poisonings in recent years is the topic of the methanol poisonings still relevant. The aim of the diploma paper is to depict the harm reduction strategies targeted on reducing the risks of the methanol poisonings used by the vulnerable target group of the alcoholic beverages consumers. Further are being outlined the risk behavior patterns and strategies in the targeted group of participants. According to the above mentioned aims is relevant to investigate the process of compliance of the emergency measures focused on the end market with the alcohol. Data gathered in the interviews with the retailers will help to obtain the general overview of the situation and supply the information about the possible plunges of the prohibition implementation and the strategies of the demand reduction implementation. The...
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Smoking cessation among patients in residential treatment for alcohol dependence
Adamíková, Žaneta ; Štěpánková, Lenka (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: In the Czech Republic, alcohol and tobacco are the most widely used addictive substances. Although use of these substances is legal for those 18 years or older, they can lead to serious health consequences. Especially among alcohol (or other drugs) dependent persons in recovery, the prevalence of regular smoking compared to the general population is much higher. Nevertheless, in these settings within the Czech Republic, tobacco smoking is often overlooked and for the staff there is no standard approach for introducing the systematic programs for quitting smoking. It is often based on theory that these patients have no motivation or interest in professional assistance with quitting smoking. Objective: The primary objective of the research was to assess the motivation of patients dependent on alcohol and tobacco, currently undergoing the residential medium-term treatment to quit smoking. A secondary objective was to highlight the issue of smoking among these patients and find out what their view is on the possibilities of tobacco dependence treatment in the setting and whether they would be interested in professional assistance with quitting smoking. Methodology: Questionnaire-based research was conducted among patients in the 5 health care services for the addiction treatment throughout...
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Spirituality in the treatment of addiction: qualitative analysis of the attitudes and experiences of therapists
Blažíčková, Eliška ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Main theme of this bachelor thesis is personal spirituality attitude and experience at addiction services psychoterapists. Purpose is to describe experiences with psychoterapeutist's spirituality and and then to find connection with their work, psychoterapy. Theoretical part is about basic definition of spirituality, it components and potencial risks. Another important part of the theoretical part is describing spirituality in context of chosen psychoterapeutic attitude. Practical part is my own qualitative research.Character of design is multiple case study (n=4). Research group is consisted of 4 psychoterapists chosen in purpose. As collection method I chose semistructured interview and the Prague spirituality questionnaire. Then I processed recieved data from interview to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and I counted points from each spirituality dimension in questionnaire. It was found that personal spirituality experience can be related with psychoterapy. All the respondets reported that they experience spirituality of some kind, but they try to not project it in their work. It is suprising that all the respondets also reported existentialism as important psychoterapeutic course which they use as a base. For all is solidarity of experiencing spirituality very important. In...
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The development of students status in secondary school class and the use of selected drugs during their study: a prospective sociometric study
Pavelková, Iveta ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vopravil, Jiří (referee)
Název: The Development of Students Status in Secondary School Class and the Use of Selected Drugs During Their Study: a Prospectve Sociometric Study. Abstrakt: The thesis is a continuation of author's bachelor thesis. Bachelor thesis deals with sociometric student's status and substance use among first year of secondary schools students. Both research are based on the theories of drug addiction development, which has very complex causes and occurs during human development in the interaction of multiple factors. One of these factors is the need to achieve social conformity (mainly in peer collectives), which can be in a group of teenage students strong in period of secondary school. Because there are these individuals creates a new position in a class and that can vary because of natural variations in the status of students and interactions among individuals in the classroom. The aim is to implement prospective sociometric study, which examines a specific classes after a 2 year interval and to determine the student status in specific classes of third grade secondary schools and how has this position changed since the last survey. The focus is set on the description of changing relations between cigarette, alcohol, cannabis use and individual student status in the class. The survey was carried out in seven...
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Recreational Users Needs Analysis in Melnik Region
Přádová, Karolína ; Janíková, Barbara (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Title: Analysis of need of recreational drug users in Melnik Region Abstract Prevalence of drug using among those dance events visitors in the country increases steadily throughout life (Petroš Zábranský, 2003 Mravčík, Škařupová, Orlíková, 2008). Increase is also the acceptability of the use of some drugs, especially cannabis (Blahut, 2014). The research which was designed to determinate the prevalence of drug using among members of different musical subcultures in the district of Melnik, that number of recreational drug users in the Mělník region relatively high. 98 % of respondents (194 respondents) said that at least once in their life used drugs recreationally (Přádova, 2013). A group of recreational users compared to other types of drug users is however greatly neglected. Interventions are insufficient for a large percentage of recreational users, unavailable or about it users do not even know (Mravčík et al, 2008). People tend to enjoy the addictive substances in a fun environment. There is however missing feedback from these users which would helpful to develop appropriate and effective interventions. The aim is to identify and analyze the needs of recreational users on Mělník. The primary objective is to answer the basic questions of needs, wishes and expectations of potential users of...
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Patterns of mephedrone use in Kadaň and its surroundings: a qualitative study
Scherberová, Jana ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Běláčková, Vendula (referee)
Background: In few last years we can see a rise of use of a new psychoactive substances, not only in population of problem users, but in the general population, too. These substances mimic the affects of illegal drugs and using them can cause simmilar risks as using illegal drugs (EMCDDA, 2009c). The most commonly used new psychoactive substance is mephedrone. In last 4 years mephedrone has spread very fast in the european drug market, especially in Great Britain (Zaostřeno na drogy 4, 2010), where mephedrone became the 6th most popular drug in 2010 (Kuchař in Kalina et al., 2015). Prevalence researches of mephedrone have not been realized yet in Czech republic, but research made by National monitoring center focused on internet users in 2001 shows that from 1091 respondents in age range of 15 to 35, 50 have used new psychoactive substances. This 50 respondents and other 101 recruited by snowball sampling have participated in follow-up research, one third of this respondents have used mephedrone. Aims: The aim of the study was to describe patterns of use of mephedrone among its users in Kadaň and its surroundings. Emphasis is mainly placed on patterns of users bahavior from purchasing to aplication of mephedrone, what the intoxication looks like, which motives leads users to mephedrone use and with...
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Prevalence of substance use in 2nd grade practical school students in the Usti Region
Dvorská, Kateřina ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Pavlovská, Amalie (referee)
Background Risk behavior for pupils practical school of the second grade and their access to addictive substances. Formulation of objectives or research questions To map the prevalence, frequency and types of drugs used by pupil practical school of the second grade in Usti Region using the following research questions: What is the prevalence of certain other drugs by pupils? How pupils gain an addictive substance? What is the reason most pupils tested addictive substance? Description of the methods used Data were collected for pupils practical school of the second grade in Usti Region using quantitative method in the form an anonymous questionnaire with a total of 14 those questions, 11 of them were taken from the ESPAD ((European School Survey Project study on alcohol and other drugs). The first free questions characterizing sex, year of age was created by author. The obtained data were processed processed by descriptive statistics based on an analysis of responses according to the research questions. The main results From the research shows that the most commonly used substances include marijuana. Furthermore, respondents most often come into contact with drugs in a group of friends, which is the most common reason why respondents used an addictive substance. Recommendations The results of this...
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