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Maimonides: Evil and Divine Providence
Fischerová, Ester ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Válová, Dita (referee)
This thesis is concerned with a problem of evil and Divine providence in Maimonides' work Guide for the Perplexed. At first the author list through important philosophical sources of this work and consequently comes up with possible paths of interpreting it as a whole according to Leo Strauss and Marvin Fox. Then author's focus shifts towards specific text passages in which Maimonides specifically elaborates evil and Divine providence. After that, this thesis lists various types of providence, types of evil and diferentiates between two theories of providence in Maimonides' thought. Finally author analyses different ways to interpret these text passages and in the end she makes an effort to unify those two theories od Divine providence using Fox's method of interpretation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Concept of Double Truth in Medieval Jewish and Arabic Thinking
Fischerová, Ester ; Válová, Dita (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This thesis deals with the double truth concept in Maimonides and Averroes, particularly in The Guide for the Perplexed and in The Decisive Treatise. At first the thesis will try to determine the terminological and methodological frame of this topic and to deal with the commentary tradition regarding this topic. While doing this, it will deal with the use of the term "truth" in Aristotle and in The Scripture and it will also ask what sentences can or cannot be deemed true or false according to Aristotelian logic. The thesis will further try to sketch the outlines of different aspects and types of double truth concept, which we can find in the authors of the primary literature. In its second part, the thesis deals with the nature of the primary literature and then with the relevant text passages, which serve to demonstrate the previously outlined double truth concept
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Listen to the look: Sartre, Lévinas and the other
Schubert, Alfréd ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Válová, Dita (referee)
If we want to compare Sartre's and Lévinas's conception of intersubjectivity, we need to start by assessing the difference between the two situations which these thinkers consider as model cases for the relation to the other: the author of Being and Nothingness emphasizes the dramatic character of the relation using the metaphor of the other's look, who's objectivizing power forces the subject to protect itself; in Totality and Infinity, on the other hand, is highlighted the situation of listening, in which I do not objectivize the other and am not objectivized, but called to respect the other's alterity. Which of these situations should we consider as the essential paradigm of the relation to the other? Am I haunted by the other's look wherever I go? Or is it only through his face that the sense of being is opening to me? While Sartre an Lévinas agree that the apparition of the other poses an aperture in the world of my possibilities, for Lévinas, it constitutes mostly a window through which the ethical sense of my earthly being and a call to take responsibility for my freedom shine through to me. For Sartre, contrarily, the leak in the world is most importantly threatening my freedom. We will carefully consider the differences and similarities in the conception of the other in philosophy of the...
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Maimonides on Attributes of God
Raboch, Filip ; Válová, Dita (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This thesis is devoted primarily to two subjects: an analysis of Maimonides' proof of God's existence, his unity and incorporeality, and the question of which attributes one can predicate about God. Related to this is also the question of what the content of God's essence is, and if His essence is cognisable. The problem lies with statements in the Scripture where the reader can get the impression that God and humanity are alike and that He has a physical body of flesh and blood. Such a belief has dangerous consequences for Judaism as a whole and thus it is necessary to examine these passages and eliminate possible misconceptions and doubts. It is Maimonides' intention to support the religion using philosophy and to take away all doubts resulting from the incorrect interpretation of the Scripture. However, he reveals by his explanation another threat to Judaism and that is the dual conception of God. The question is, whether the two conceptions are compatible with each other or whether they are entirely different. The argumentation starts with a proof of God's existence, over a semantic explanation of attributes and negative theology, to interpretation of specific questionable passages from the Scripture.
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Existence without existent
Vaškovic, Petr ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Válová, Dita (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to elucidate the ambiguous relation between the concepts of absolute alterity (tout Autre), there is (il y a) and the element (L'élément) in the work of Emmanuel Levinas. The investigation starts with a presupposition, that the above-mentioned concepts can all be considered a form of alterity. First part of the thesis thematises il y a against the backdrop of two seminal texts - From Existence to Existents and Time and the Other - and also in relation to Martin Heidegger's philosophy. Second part is structured around the analysis of the element, as it is presented in Totality and infinity. Part three deals with the concept of absolute alterity, which is contrasted to the conception of the totalizing subject. In the last part of the thesis, these three distinct kinds of alterity are brought into relation and qualitatively differentiated from one another. Key words: Levinas, Heidegger, alterity, radical alterity, totality, il y a, there is, element, From Existence to Existents, Totality and Infinity, Time and the Other
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Saadia Gaon and Maimonides on evil and suffering
Linka, Vojtěch ; Válová, Dita (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
in English: In my bachelor thesis, I am dealing with the problem of evil and suffering in the two major figures of medieval Jewish philosophy, Saadyah Gaon and Maimonides. First, I am showing the place of evil and suffering in the context of western philosophical tradition. Then, I am depicting the specifically Jewish understanding of the problem based on the Biblical book of Job. In the central part of my thesis, I am exploring the passages of writings of Saadyah and Maimonides devoted to evil and suffering. Furthermore, I am comparing both conceptions of the problem and I am showing the Maimonides' conception as being in some way a criticism of Saadyah, especially his understanding of suffering as a trial. In the conclusion, I am dealing with some common aspects of Saadyahs and Maimonides' understanding of evil and suffering. I am proving that their understanding of evil has some specific Jewish aspects based on the Biblical book of Job, and particular for Medieval thinking in general. These aspects show clearly that the conception of evil and suffering of Saadyah and Maimonides broadly differs from the contemporary conceptions of the problem.
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Maimonides: Evil and Divine Providence
Fischerová, Ester ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Válová, Dita (referee)
This thesis is concerned with a problem of evil and Divine providence in Maimonides' work Guide for the Perplexed. At first the author list through important philosophical sources of this work and consequently comes up with possible paths of interpreting it as a whole according to Leo Strauss and Marvin Fox. Then author's focus shifts towards specific text passages in which Maimonides specifically elaborates evil and Divine providence. After that, this thesis lists various types of providence, types of evil and diferentiates between two theories of providence in Maimonides' thought. Finally author analyses different ways to interpret these text passages and in the end she makes an effort to unify those two theories od Divine providence using Fox's method of interpretation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Ibn Bājja: The Governance of the Solitary
Kohout, Ondřej ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Válová, Dita (referee)
The focus of the thesis is an explanation of specifics of Ibn Bâjja's political philosophy as it is presented in his most famous writing The Governance of the Solitary (Tadbír al-mutawahhid). The thesis should introduce how is Ibn Bâjja's thinking based on work of ancient authors and what are its foundations. This is the reason why it will be necessary to look into al-Fārābī and his political philosophy, however, it will be also important to see how much is Ibn Bâjja's work influenced by thinking of Plato's and Aristotle's politically oriented writings. Despite the historical aspect of the thesis, it will be crucial to show possible parallels to contemporary political thinking and the status of philosopher/intellectual in society. A part of the thesis is also Czech translation of the first chapter of The Governance of the Solitary focusing on two fundamental concepts of Ibn Bâjja's philosophy - "governance" and "solitary".
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