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Evaluation of the physiological status of European beech in its plantings on localities following the gradient of its ecological valence
Palouš, Daniel ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee)
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the dominant tree species in Europe, presenting a keystone species for forest ecosystem functioning. The ongoing climate change alters the environmental conditions in the areas of the current distribution of European beech, leading to stress. Concerning the critical health status of forests in the Czech Republic and other European countries, it's even more urgent to monitor the health status of forests. For this, tools for early detection of a stand's physiological status decline are needed. The aforementioned tools can consist of indicators of the physiological status suggested by this thesis. This thesis aims to evaluate the applicability and sensitivity of the preselected set of indicators of the physiological status of European beech to the gradient of environmental conditions (temperature, precipitation) within its ecological valence. Four stands of European beech presenting the gradient of beech's ecological valence were observed over the peak of one vegetation season. Stand Kocanda presented the microclimatic and ecological optimum; stand Hradecko was on the lower margin of the altitudinal gradient of European beech distribution and presented the limit of low water availability; stand Deštné was on the upper margin of the altitudinal gradient of...
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Detection of bark beetle attack of Norway spruce using spectral and biophysical data at different hierarchical levels
Vesecká, Martina ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee)
There was created an overview of key aspects for a correct understanding of the dynamics between bark beetle and Norway spruce, especially the way of life of the beetle and the time course of its life cycles. It is absolutely essential to understand this interaction for a timely and effective solution to the bark beetle calamity. Furthermore, the mutual interaction of beetle and tree is discussed in detail in the text. Great emphasis is placed on the description of the spruce's defense mechanisms and the consequences of the attack. In particular, biophysical changes in the needles, which cause a change in the spectral behaviour of the leaves and thus the entire forest stand. Using sensor capable of measuring the reflectance of surfaces, it is possible to detect a bark beetle-infested tree much earlier than changes in the needles could be detected by the naked eye and remove it while it is still colonized by the beetle and not spreading further into surrounding trees. This is key to managing not only the current bark beetle calamity. An overview of case studies is given in the thesis, where the use of spectral methods at different hierarchical levels was applied and satisfactory accuracy in the identification of early infested trees was achieved. Key words: Norway spruce, bark beetle, bark beetle...
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Optical properties of the leaf in relation to its anatomical traits
Neuwirthová, Eva ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee) ; Písek, Jan (referee)
Plant functional traits at the leaf level are commonly used to predict ecosystem responses to environmental factors and describe global climate change processes at the ecosystem level. Plant functional traits include both leaf biophysical traits (e.g., photosynthetic pigment content and water content) and structural traits (e.g., leaf thickness and proportion of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues). Leaf biophysical and structural traits can be detected either destructively in the laboratory or non-destructively using leaf optical properties. Although estimating chlorophyll content from leaf optical properties is a well-established methodology, the influence of leaf structure and internal anatomy on leaf optical properties has only been thoroughly studied in the last two decades. The papers included in my thesis and my thesis itself are mostly focused on the study of typical European deciduous trees of temperate and hemiboreal forests with leaves having a dorsiventral structure (i.e., the mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma). Furthermore, my thesis includes a study on the effect of leaf surface structural traits on optical properties. In this study, two groups of phylogenetically close herbs with comparable internal leaf structure were used (mutants of...
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Carbohydrate metabolism under increased CO2 concentration in the environment
Bardoňová, Radka ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee)
This Master thesis deals with the effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and irradiation on the content of nonstructural carbohydrates of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) leaves and Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) needles. Nonstructural carbohydrate content reflects the balance between carbon assimilation and utilization. Elevated [CO2] usually causes increase in the assimilation rate and changes in processes, in which assimilated carbon is utilized. These changes are often accompanied by increase of nonstructural carbohydrate levels - soluble carbohydrates and starch. Material used in this thesis comes from experimental site of the Global Change Research Institute (GCRI) AS CR at Bílý kříž in the Beskydy mountains. Juvenile European beech and Norway spruce trees grown in a closed canopy were treated by elevated [CO2] (700 ppm) for six growing seasons. The samples were taken in two different times of the vegetation season from sun exposed and shades leaves and needles. The carbohydrate content and spectra were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Supplemental short-term experiment focused on the diurnal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrate content was performed using juvenile spruce trees growing for four weeks in fully controlled conditions...
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Growing of the red oak in the conditions of Czech Republic
Miltner, Stanislav ; Kupka, Ivo (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee)
The study analyses growth and development of Northern red oak stands in the Czech Republic. The Northern red oak stands under study have the age span between 17 to 159 years. The study also investigated the influence of the species on soil upper horizons. The results show the high wood production potential of red oak when compare to sessile oak being at the same or higher quality and health. Data show slower decomposition of biomass in upper soil horizons under red oak causing acid reaction of soils. The data propose the red oak to be a good additional species in lowland stands and it could be a species which substitutes domestic oaks where tracheomycosis diseases can occur
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Overview of methods used in plant physiology for primary and secondary compounds estimation
Dlouhý, Lukáš ; Tomášková, Ivana (advisor) ; Čepl, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to summarize methods used to prove and isolation substances of primary and secondary metabolism of plants. In introduction I described metabolit path ways leading to creation of metabolites and introduced their definitions. In next chapters I pursued closer description of each group and sub-group of metabolites and specified options of their qualitative analysis. In last part I continued to
outline issues of separation methods, instrumental analysis and finaly to experiments. In conclusion I summarized obtained information generaled comparison of each method or their groups. I estimated the trend of analysis for trees and plants.
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Metodická východiska funkčně integrovaného hospodaření v lesích
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta ; Ústav pro hospodářskou úpravu lesů, Brandýs nad Labem ; Tomášková, Ivana ; Kupec, Petr ; Schneider, Jiří ; Špaček, Filip ; Simanov, Vladimír ; Vyskot, Ilja ; Bartoš, Zdeněk ; Navrátil, Petr ; Holuša, Jaroslav ; Smejkal, Jiří ; Macků, Jaromír
Předmětem dílčí zprávy za rok 2002 jsou porostní typy hospodářského souboru 55 (svěžích a bohatých jedlových bučin). Postupnými kroky byly zpracovány následující části: 1. analýza dynamiky dílčích funkčních potenciálů dle porostních typů HS 55, 2. věcná náplň rámcových směrnic hospodaření pro polyfunkční (ve staré terminologii hospodářský) les včetně diferencovaných funkcí, 4. analýza současného zastoupení deklarovaných funkcí HS 55, 5. modelové těžebně-dopravní technologie včetně přímých nákladů na odvozním místě.
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Metodická východiska funkčně integrovaného hospodaření v lesích
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta ; Ústav pro hospodářskou úpravu lesů, Brandýs nad Labem ; Tomášková, Ivana ; Kupec, Petr ; Schneider, Jiří ; Špaček, Filip ; Simanov, Vladimír ; Vyskot, Ilja ; Bartoš, Zdeněk ; Navrátil, Petr ; Smejkal, Jiří ; Macků, Jaromír
Koncepce projektu vychází z exaktních stanovení funkčních potenciálů lesů, jejich reálných efektů a dopadů na efekty celospolečenských funkcí. Postup řešení: stanovištní a kriteriální determinace, systémové interakce biometrických dat, reálné potenciály a efekty funkcí, synergie v aktuálním stavu lesů, věcná predikce systémových lesnických opatření, modifikace polyfukčních lesnických hospodářských intervencí,dopady na společenské funkční požadavky. Využití projektu pro podklady pro koncepci funkčně integrovaného hospodaření s důkazy národohospodářskými a lesopolitickými, metody hospodaření, díla lesního hospodářského plánování, podklady nové kategorizace lesů, konkrétní řešení pro modelový hospodářský soubor a vybrané porostní typy. Součástí zprávy jsou rámcové směrnice ve dvou variantách.
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The effect of elevated air CO2 concentration on water regime and transpiration of Norway spruce
Valouch, Ludvík ; Pokorný, Radek ; Tomášková, Ivana
Under the elevated CO2 air concentration, changes in physiological processes and morphology were evident in relatively short time. Direct measurement via heat pulse method proved reduction of specific sap flux throw the stem in the first year of cultivation in elevated CO2. SSF in both treatments was comparable in the next tree years. During the sixth year of fumigation, higher transpiration rate in trees growing under elevated CO2 was recorded. It was implication of larger bearing leaf area, larger conducting vessels area on the in crosscut stems section and larger root absorbed area. Continuously sap flow measuring of sun and shaded part of the crown was found that SSF of higher crown part was higher in both treatments. Average hydraulic conductance soil-leaf (GTsa) was 1,4 times higher in sunny part of the crown than estimated for the whole crown in ambient treatment A (ambient [CO2] concentration). Difference in hydraulic conductance between the upper and lower crown part of the E treatment (doubled [CO2] concentration of A treatment) was not so pronounced.
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