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Preventive effects of folic acid in nutrition
Chalánková, Veronika ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Tláskal, Petr (referee)
This thesis is focused on folic acid and its preventive effects on human health. Folic acid has many important functions in the human body and is especially important during pregnancy. It is essential for the proper development of the fetus and its adequate intake is the prevention of serious congenital malformations, such as neural tube defects, premature birth, abortion and other pathologies. The increased need for this vitamin is not easy to supplement with a regular diet. It is therefore recommended to take it in the form of food supplements (400-600 µg/day) during pregnancy and at least one month before the planned conception. For these reasons, it is necessary to focus on supporting the primary prevention of folic acid use, preferably in all fertile women. Folic acid also plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis and the main manifestation of its deficiency is megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid is further associated with the prevention of cardiovascular and cancer diseases and influencing the development of cognitive functions. The practical part of this thesis was focused on monitoring the saturation of pregnant women with this vitamin. The work contains a laboratory analysis of the content of the metabolite folic acid 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) in the urine of pregnant women in order to...
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Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production.
Najpaverová, Simona ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Tláskal, Petr (referee) ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Simona Najpaverova Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production Introduction and objective: During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes that support proper fetus development and prepare the mother's body for delivery as well as subsequent breast-feeding period. Monitoring of these changes, can detect a non-physiological course of pregnancy and thus prevent potential complications that disrupt fetus development, the delivery itself, lactation or newborn future life. This longitudinal study aimed to detect changes in maternal body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional intake during pregnancy and lactation and assess the relationship of these parameters with newborn characteristics (height, weight) and maternal milk production, which is not well known in women of the Czech population. Methods: 92 healthy primiparous Czech women with a physiological pregnancy were included in the study. The examinations of women were performed in three pregnancy periods...
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Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production.
Najpaverová, Simona ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Tláskal, Petr (referee) ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Simona Najpaverova Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production Introduction and objective: During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes that support proper fetus development and prepare the mother's body for delivery as well as subsequent breast-feeding period. Monitoring of these changes, can detect a non-physiological course of pregnancy and thus prevent potential complications that disrupt fetus development, the delivery itself, lactation or newborn future life. This longitudinal study aimed to detect changes in maternal body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional intake during pregnancy and lactation and assess the relationship of these parameters with newborn characteristics (height, weight) and maternal milk production, which is not well known in women of the Czech population. Methods: 92 healthy primiparous Czech women with a physiological pregnancy were included in the study. The examinations of women were performed in three pregnancy periods...
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Nutritional Status of Prague Homeless Population
Hrnčířová, Dana ; Anděl, Michal (advisor) ; Derflerová Brázdová, Zuzana (referee) ; Provazníková, Hana (referee) ; Tláskal, Petr (referee)
Socio-economic, health and hygienic characteristics place the homeless people at risk groups. The higher incidence of health problems may have a multi-faceted etiology, including: smoking, alcohol, drugs, poor hygiene, insufficient food intake, poor quality diets etc. The prevalence of chronic diseases and cardiovascular risk factors is generally significantly higher in the homeless population than in the general population. Nutritional status of the homeless is also often compromised; many studies have reported malnutrition and insufficient intake of micronutrients whose daily turnover is enhanced by heavy smoking and alcohol consumption. The objective of our studies was to (a) define in the Prague homeless population the prevalence of protein-energetic malnutrition and (b) describe some of the major cardiovascular risk factors and to make comparisons between this group and the general Czech population, (c) to assess levels of selected vitamins (A, E, C, B1, B2, B6) and trace elements (Zn, Se, Cu) in blood and (d) exposition to Pb and Cd and to compare the results with individuals representing the general Czech population, (e) to assess the nutrient intake of main nutrients and compare it with the daily recommendations.
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Application of nutritional risk screening of hospitalized pediatric patients
Baliková, Marieta ; Tláskal, Petr (advisor) ; Boženský, Jan (referee)
The thesis summarizes present knowledge about assessment of growth and development in childhood (antropometric assessment, assessment of biological age and assesment of nutritional status). Nutrition in childhood and adolescence is also described. The thesis deals with silure to drive- its causes, definitiv, consequences and treatment. Most of nutritional screening forms (foreing and also Czech screening form) are mentioned. Practical part is realized on childern wards, Motol University Hospital. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate two nutritional risk screening which have been gradually introduced in Motol Univrsity Hospital to determinate the nutritional risk of hospitalized pediatric patients.
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Nutritional Status of Prague Homeless Population
Hrnčířová, Dana ; Anděl, Michal (advisor) ; Derflerová Brázdová, Zuzana (referee) ; Provazníková, Hana (referee) ; Tláskal, Petr (referee)
Socio-economic, health and hygienic characteristics place the homeless people at risk groups. The higher incidence of health problems may have a multi-faceted etiology, including: smoking, alcohol, drugs, poor hygiene, insufficient food intake, poor quality diets etc. The prevalence of chronic diseases and cardiovascular risk factors is generally significantly higher in the homeless population than in the general population. Nutritional status of the homeless is also often compromised; many studies have reported malnutrition and insufficient intake of micronutrients whose daily turnover is enhanced by heavy smoking and alcohol consumption. The objective of our studies was to (a) define in the Prague homeless population the prevalence of protein-energetic malnutrition and (b) describe some of the major cardiovascular risk factors and to make comparisons between this group and the general Czech population, (c) to assess levels of selected vitamins (A, E, C, B1, B2, B6) and trace elements (Zn, Se, Cu) in blood and (d) exposition to Pb and Cd and to compare the results with individuals representing the general Czech population, (e) to assess the nutrient intake of main nutrients and compare it with the daily recommendations.
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