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Hannes Beckmann (1909-1977). Dessau - Prague - New York
Kuzica Rokytová, Bronislava ; Rakušanová, Marie (advisor) ; Rousová, Hana (referee) ; Klimešová, Marie (referee)
Hannes Beckmann (1909-1977). Dessau - Prague - New York This PhD thesis is dedicated to an exceptional, though still forgotten personality, an artist of German descent, Hannes Beckmann |1909-1977|. A graduate of Germany's Bauhaus, he was one of the refugees fleeing Nazism to Czechoslovakia, and among many other achievements, he later became the director of the photography department of the Guggenheim Museum in New York. Through his work, he fulfilled avant-garde ideas on the synthesis of artistic fields: he was a painter, stage designer, art theorist and pedagogue, but also a creator of abstract objects moving along the boundaries of minimalistic and kinetic constructions. His fate in life and created body of work began gaining a clearer form in the framework of research on visual artists, who found sanctuary in interwar Czechoslovakia from demagogic political systems. Until that time, Hannes Beckmann had been utterly unknown to Czech art history and elsewhere. This is seen in the absence of his name in Czech technical literature, but also because he was never mentioned even in publications published by the Bauhaus with which he had been involved for some time. There was only sketchy information on his pedagogical and artistic work in the area of Op-Art (optical art) from the 1960s to 1970s in the United...
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Hannes Beckmann (1909-1977). Dessau - Prague - New York
Kuzica Rokytová, Bronislava ; Rakušanová, Marie (advisor) ; Rousová, Hana (referee) ; Klimešová, Marie (referee)
Hannes Beckmann (1909-1977). Dessau - Prague - New York This PhD thesis is dedicated to an exceptional, though still forgotten personality, an artist of German descent, Hannes Beckmann |1909-1977|. A graduate of Germany's Bauhaus, he was one of the refugees fleeing Nazism to Czechoslovakia, and among many other achievements, he later became the director of the photography department of the Guggenheim Museum in New York. Through his work, he fulfilled avant-garde ideas on the synthesis of artistic fields: he was a painter, stage designer, art theorist and pedagogue, but also a creator of abstract objects moving along the boundaries of minimalistic and kinetic constructions. His fate in life and created body of work began gaining a clearer form in the framework of research on visual artists, who found sanctuary in interwar Czechoslovakia from demagogic political systems. Until that time, Hannes Beckmann had been utterly unknown to Czech art history and elsewhere. This is seen in the absence of his name in Czech technical literature, but also because he was never mentioned even in publications published by the Bauhaus with which he had been involved for some time. There was only sketchy information on his pedagogical and artistic work in the area of Op-Art (optical art) from the 1960s to 1970s in the United...
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The exile visual art scene in Bohemia and its subsequent activities abroad, 1933 - 1945
Rokytová, Bronislava ; Pech, Milan (advisor) ; Rousová, Hana (referee)
The exile visual art scene in Bohemia and its subsequent activities abroad, 1933-1945 The development of the political situation in Germany during the thirties of the 20th century, when the Nazi Party was radicalizing and Adolph Hitler's power gradually became unlimited, meant a danger not only for the political opponents of Nazism. Artists who work didn't meet the criteria of the new aesthetic or even engaged in its detriment, had to seek for asylum. The First Czechoslovak Republic became one of these refuges. The Czech-German art scene was a significant aid for the integration of the refugees into the society. Some of its personalities returned to their birthplace for similar reasons as anti-Nazi refugees. Czech-German conditions provided to emigrants an opportunity for active continuing of the struggle against Nazi regime, also with a backward impact in Germany. But the support by the Czech population and the state went through series of changes under pressure of Nazi German government and the growing influence of the Sudeten areas. Artists with the status of refugees were obliged to follow a set of state regulations and orders, which often bureaucratically confined their creative activity. Nevertheless, some of their artworks, contacts and memories show their positive attitude to the Czech...
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Fine Art in the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
Pech, Milan ; Wittlich, Petr (advisor) ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Rousová, Hana (referee)
The thesis deals with fine arts in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It analyzes Czech fine art during the Nazi occupation of World War Two, concentrating on its official component that has not yet been deeply researched. The author surveyed archives, press and literature of the period. The aim was to identify key themes in the public discussion about artistic issues and to trace developments in the legal status of Czech fine art under the occupation. First, a brief portrait of the historical context of 1938 to 1945, accompanied by identifying several pathological phenomena that occupation and the war brought to Czech society. Those that crept into the fine arts are interpreted from a psychoanalytic point of view. Next the author focuses on the official cultural policy of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. He notes the short and long-term objectives of Nazi policies and their impact on the workings of cultural life in Czech society. He speaks about radical conservative critiques of modern art, which accused the avant-garde of mercantilism, of politicizing art, of being foreign, and arbitrary. So-called "degenerate" art (Entartete Kunst) is also briefly mentioned. A term that was used to defame and denounce modern art. For the first time, an unknown list of Czech "degenerate" painters...
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