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Selected cognitive prereguisites and metacognition in relation to difficulties in arithmetic skills of younger school age pupils
Stieranková, Marína ; Špačková, Klára (advisor) ; Skalová Pražáková, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis deals with the area of difficulties in arithmetic skills in relation to metacognition and selected cognitive prerequisites in younger school age pupils. The theoretical part of this thesis provides an insight into the issues of the metacognition, of the mathematical skills, of the cognitive prerequisites for their development, of the metacognition in relation to the mathematics, and also deals with the tools for measuring these areas. The empirical part describes the research, which aimed to compare the metacognitive knowledge (of self, tasks and strategies) and selected cognitive assumptions (symbolic and non-symbolic perception of quantity (numerosity), spatial ability, inhibition) of a group of students with a lower level of the arithmetic skills (N=24) and a group of students with a level of arithmetic skills within the norm (N=31). The results of the research showed a difference between the research groups in metacognitive knowledge of self, and metacognitive knowledge of competence-enhancing strategies. In the other monitored areas (metacognitive knowledge of tasks, avoidance strategies and selected cognitive prerequisites), no statistically significant difference between the observed groups of students was demonstrated. KEY WORDS arithmetic skills, metacognitive knowledge,...
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Accuracy and speed in numerosity at individuals with dyscalculia
Pražáková, Kateřina ; Špačková, Klára (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The thesis deals with the topic of dyscalculia, which is officially recognized as a learning disability. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the current status of knowledge about development of mathematical skills and their disorders in the context of dyscalculia. The empiric part of this thesis describes a research which compares the performances of individuals with dyscalculia and control participants on a range number and numerosity processing tasks. The main goal was to describe the image of possible causes of difficulties. Deficits in the processing of symbolic and nonsymbolic numerosities were observed in group of dyscalculic participants. We conclude that dyscalculia is related to specific disabilities in basic numerical and numerosity processing which affects ability to acquire arithmetical skills. KEYWORDS Klíčová slova (anglicky): Dyscalculia, numerosity, arithmetic skills, mathematical skills, specific learning difficulties
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Tales of double exceptionality - a qualitative study of gifted students with learning disabilities
Pražáková, Kateřina ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; High, Radka (referee)
At present, there is a growing interest in the theme of giftedness and gifted students. However, newer and less familiar theme is the theme of gifted children and students with disabilities called "double exceptionality". The theoretical part focuses on describing the theme of giftedness, some theories and models of giftedness, highly specific field and problems of gifted children and students with learning disabilities, eventually with other handicaps too. In the empirical part of this thesis the aim is to present specific expressions, the link with development and influences of educational approach to children and students through casuistries. This data should be a practical replenishment of mapped psychological problems of gifted children and students with handicap that the theoretical part of the thesis deal with.
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Accuracy and speed in numerosity at individuals with dyscalculia
Pražáková, Kateřina ; Špačková, Klára (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The thesis deals with the topic of dyscalculia, which is officially recognized as a learning disability. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the current status of knowledge about development of mathematical skills and their disorders in the context of dyscalculia. The empiric part of this thesis describes a research which compares the performances of individuals with dyscalculia and control participants on a range number and numerosity processing tasks. The main goal was to describe the image of possible causes of difficulties. Deficits in the processing of symbolic and nonsymbolic numerosities were observed in group of dyscalculic participants. We conclude that dyscalculia is related to specific disabilities in basic numerical and numerosity processing which affects ability to acquire arithmetical skills. KEYWORDS Klíčová slova (anglicky): Dyscalculia, numerosity, arithmetic skills, mathematical skills, specific learning difficulties
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Tales of double exceptionality - a qualitative study of gifted students with learning disabilities
Pražáková, Kateřina ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; High, Radka (referee)
At present, there is a growing interest in the theme of giftedness and gifted students. However, newer and less familiar theme is the theme of gifted children and students with disabilities called "double exceptionality". The theoretical part focuses on describing the theme of giftedness, some theories and models of giftedness, highly specific field and problems of gifted children and students with learning disabilities, eventually with other handicaps too. In the empirical part of this thesis the aim is to present specific expressions, the link with development and influences of educational approach to children and students through casuistries. This data should be a practical replenishment of mapped psychological problems of gifted children and students with handicap that the theoretical part of the thesis deal with.
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The Progress in a Humanitarian Aid to the Children's House in Vilšany
Pražáková, Kateřina ; Vorlová, Marie (advisor) ; Mašát, Vladimír (referee)
This work focuses on work of volunteers coming from a civic non-profit association Bodaj in the Children ́s House in Vilšany, Ukraine. The humanitarian aid has been conducted in order to improve life conditions of these children. The main task is to facilitate medical drugs, hygienic needs, art and sport equipment and further direct work with children. The Children ́s House in Vilšany is intended for children with severe mental, physical and multiple disabilities. Nevertheless, healthy children live here too, being socially neglected a lot. The material help as well as the help in form of education, interest activities and especially the proximity and care of volunteers is aimed to all these children. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The image of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Grand Duchy of Moscow in Early modern news service of Czech nobility (1450-1618)
PRAŽÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis concentrates on the image of Mid Eastern European countries which was presented in the first newspapers. The focus was laid on handwritten newspapers (form of newssheets) that originated in the middle of the 15th century. Soon they became an influential intelligence and communicative medium. They were read on the courts of monarchs and high nobility. Since the middle of the 16th century they were also subscribed by town councils and church institutions like convents or bishoprics.The news spread further to other social groups by means of correspondence and rumor. The decline of handwritten newssheets did not begin until the second half of the 17th century. Handwritten and printed news service coexisted until then. While printed newspapers and pamphlets mainly described and commented on extraordinary stories, handwritten newssheets regularly brought reports about the events that happened in the last weeks. The author made thorough research of three collections of handwritten newssheets gathered by members of high nobility. Another common sign is the concentration of newssheets in the second half of the 16th century. They are the collections of Lords of Rosenberg, of Hradec and Lobkowicz. Especially after the House of Rosenberg more then 1 000 newssheets and other news service materials have been preserved whereas many of them are really unique. While exploring these documents, the author posed a question about which of the events that happened in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania or in the Grand Duchy of Moscow drew the attention of the intelligencer. The author examined the spirit of this news and the information about the rulers, aristocrats, townspeople as well as common people from the eastern Europe they offered to the readers. Under the influence of the methodological directions inquiring into the perceiving of otherness by meeting different cultures she described the changes in viewing the Eastern European countries from the end of the 15th to the beginning of the 17th century. Thus she traced the origin of some stereotypical opinions that persisted through centuries. In addition, she dealt with the question how the subscribers of the newspapers reacted to the submitted reports. The aim of the thesis was the description of the image of the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Grand Duchy of Moscow as well as an insight in the reception and interpretation of news on the aristocratic court in the early modern period.
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The meaning of life in the July´s questions
PRAŽÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis deals with search for the meaning of human life in present time from the philosophical and theological point of view of Egon Bondy. Bondy perceives a human being as a biological and intellectual unity in which the peak of evolution has been reached. However, as to Bondy, this ?peak? has to be overcome, humans have to transcend and renew their humanity, otherwise they would get stuck at the place momentary reached where they are not happy and stand without any meaning. Bondy brings the concept of a ?non-substance model? of ontological reality, in which the attempts to find a common path for both theology and philosophy. This way we can also follow Egon Bondy?s development from atheism to the acceptance of ?living God?. Bondy reaches the opinion that human faith in God and the reception of grace offer person?s life the feeling of fulfilment which contemporary humanity has been so much lacking. Bondy hints at his spiritual experience of ?splendour inside?, where he could feel that the meaning of life cannot be reached by one?s own activity or just ?ordered?. The meaning of life can only be humbly expected.
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