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The dual concept of God in Eriugena's "Perphyseon"
Fořtová, Zuzana ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This work is concerned with the conception of God in John Eriugena's "Periphyseon". My thesis is that in "Periphyseon", we can find two different concepts of God the connection of which is not easily understood. On the one hand there is a conception of God as someone who creates the world in the act of selfcreation and who finally returns to himself as to an end. On the other hand, there is a concept of God as the Trinity of divine persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit). In my work, at first I attempt to present both of Eriugena's conceptions of God in more detail. Afterwards, I show how Eriugena himself attempts to connect both concepts. However, I argue that we are not actually able to understand this connection on the basis of Eriugena's explanation; rather, we have to try to infer this connection on our own. This is the aim of the last chapter, in which I try to achieve this - with the aid of Beierwaltes' interpretation - on the grounds of the dual terms of "creation" and "causation".
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Hannah Arendt's concept of thought and action
Štech, Daniel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
The present thesis follows the distinction made by Hannah Arendt between the life of the mind and vita activa. In her earlier writings, Arendt presents acting in concert as a supreme human possibility. The devaluation of active life in the Western tradition is seen as related to the subordination of the experience of action to the experience of thought, which presupposes a turning away from the world of phenomena and plurality. With respect to the ability to act, Arendt understands thought as marginal or even detrimental. On this note, she contrasts thought with opinion, a specifically political attitude bound to the experience of action and plurality. Following the process with Eichmann, however, this image saw a revision. With the collapse of the public sphere, the dependence of the ability to tell right from wrong on the activity of thought became more prominent. Subsequent considerations therefore shift to the sphere of the mind. In the light of the corpus of Arendt's works, the present thesis enquires into the nature of mental acts required for adequate action. The first part presents political thought within the situation of plurality. The second part takes into account the collapse of the public sphere and deals with the uneasy relationship between thought and the ability to relate to the common...
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Suárez's Proof of the Existence of God
Pavlorek, David ; Novák, Lukáš (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
of the Paper The goal of submitted paper is to show Suárez's proof of the existence of God as the main task of his metaphysics and to show the influence of St. Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus on his own system of metaphysics. As will be shown, the importance of this preeminent thinker of so called second scholasticism is in his synthesis of relatively incompatible doctrines of thomism and scotism. This paper will therefore deal with main problems of precedening tradition of Aristotelian metaphysics, especially with analogy of being as applied to God and creatures, then with theory of causality and other connected questions. Keywords Suárez - Thomas Aquinas - Duns Scotus - metaphysics - proof of existence of God
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Death and Intersubjectivity
Härtel, Filip Hanuš ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The topic of this thesis is a relation between two constitutive aspects of out existence: death and intersubjectivity. The way how to research these issues is an interpretation of main concepts and notions contained in these texts. On the basis of the comparison of these concepts, notions and whole philosophical stands offers this thesis a perspective of comprehension to the topic of death and intersubjectivity.
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Two Ways of Being: Potentiality and Actuality. A Contribution to Interpretation of Aristotle's Metaphysics
Rabas, Martin ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee)
in English: In the first half of the book Theta of his Metaphysics, Aristotle discusses dunamis as a property of a being. In this sense, dunamis is primarily a principle of change in another thing or in the thing itself qua other, thereby exercising itself in its energeia. In the second half of the book, Aristotle discusses dunamis as a way of being. In this sense, a being is dunamei another thing and in the course of its becoming that thing it changes into being energeiai. The aim of the present thesis is to offer an interpretation of the concepts of dunamis and energeia as they appear in the chapters 1, 2, 6 and partly 7 of the book Theta. The first question is how the concepts of dunamis and energeia in both parts fit together. The problem is posed as follows: Are dunamis in the sense of a principle of change and dunamis as a way of being mutually dependent? Are energeia as change and being energeiai related? Are they not, in fact, two relatively independent philosophical concepts, relative to whether being is regarded from the point of view of physics, respectively metaphysics? Based on the interpretation of Aristotle's statements, the thesis aims to argue that Aristotle starts his exposition with the analysis of dunamis in the sense of a principle of change precisely in order to show the...
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Problems of language and subject in Paul Ricoeur's philosophy
Miškovský, Miloš ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This work is engaged in a problematic of language and its relation to a subjectivity, as it is presented above all in Paul Ricoeur's book, called Le conflit des interprétations. Ricoeur own position is formed by confrontation of three important intelectual systems of twentieth century: structuralism, psychoanalysis and phenomenology. In structural linguistics the language means first of all langue, certain closed system of signes, based on own interior laws and relations, which is absolutly independent on the exterior (non-linguistic) reality. Ricoeur wants to overcome this simplifying view and show, that language is something in which somebody says something about something. He wants to return back to language in which we speak and he makes it by ascending from a lower to a higher level of sentence. In a philosophical reinterpretation of Freud's psychoanalysis is refused a traditional belief, that we can found the origin of language in a consciousness. On the contrary it si shown, that the deepest base of langauge is in a unconsciousness. Thanks to that it is revealed an ontological foundation of this phenomenon, that before I speak, I am.
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The metaphysical thought of Thomas Aquinas. From the concept of being and unity to the concept of whole and part
Svoboda, David ; Sousedík, Stanislav (advisor) ; Matula, Jozef (referee) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
The subject-matter of the thesis is the metaphysical thought of the renowned medieval philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas (1224/5-1274). The main goal ofthe thesis is to expose Aquinas' part-whole doctrine (mereology) in the broad context of his metaphysical theory. In concrete, we mean to elucidate the part-whole relationship in the background ofthe key metaphysical principles and concepts, such as the notion of being and unity or the issue of the ontological structure of a categorial being. The whole thesis can be divided into two main parts. In the first part we tackle those issues, which must be outlined to comprehend Aquinas' mereology in the broad horizon of his metaphysics. In the second part we set forth the independent attempt to advance Aquinas' part-whole theory.
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A Comparison of Plotinus's and St. Augustine's Conception of Evil
Košová, Michaela ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Novák, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with Plotinus's and Augustine's conception of evil and its main aim is to compare both views and reveal which Plotinus's thoughts inspired Augustine and at which points he had to divert from Plotinus. The key question is in what way both philosophers attempt to answer the question about ontological status and origin of evil. While examining the differences between both conceptions it will be importatnt to explain them with regard to different metaphysical concepts which constitute Plotinus's and Augustine's thinking. First part of the thesis investigates in what sense in Plotinus's theory matter - the last point of emanation of reality from the One - is the principle of evil. Later we encounter tolma, certain illegitimate audacity to become independent from the higher levels which is present in the soul and also at the very emergence of reality as such from the One. However, since soul has a divine origin, it cannot really sin. Plotinus ascribes the ultimate responsibility for evil to matter, utter privation and form of non-being, which can act as a sort of trap for the soul. In the second part we will see that thanks to neoplatonic thinking Augustine too perceives evil as privation but he ascribes its origin to a free decision of created, and thus mutable rational...
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Masaryk's concept of humanity
Adam, Lukáš ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis of Masaryk's concept of humanity examines the central topics of the philosophy of T. G. Masaryk in which humanity has a key position. The aim of this work is to interpret the importance of humanity in individual topics, but also the whole of Masaryk's philosophy. This analysis begins with the question of the classification of Masaryk as a thinker and describing the general nature of his texts. The two chapters that follow create the main part of this work. The first chapter is devoted to Masaryk's conception of religion upon which his humanity is based. One of the subchapters is devoted to Masaryk's specific concept of personal belief and the second to Masaryk's modern person. This second subchapter aims to clarify the essence of Masaryk's criticism of modern times and helps explain the meaning of the religious foundation of Masaryk's philosophy. Following this is a chapter on the practical aspects of Masaryk's concept of humanity, which shows how Masaryk intends to apply this humanity into life of individuals and society. This is further followed by a subchapter on humanity within the concept of a nation and state establishment. This part is concluded by a subchapter dedicated to Masaryk's concept of democracy, which essentially acts as a closure of Masaryk's application of humanity...
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